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<H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>                                         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>raw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> input
       options


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <STRONG>tenths);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <STRONG>fd);</STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library provides several functions  which  let
       an  application change way input from the terminal is han-
       dled.  Some are global, applying to all  windows.   Others
       apply only to a specific window.  Window-specific settings
       are not automatically applied to new or  derived  windows.
       An  application  must  apply  these to each window, if the
       same behavior is needed.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></H3><PRE>
       Normally, the tty driver buffers typed characters until  a
       newline  or  carriage return is typed.  The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine
       disables line buffering and erase/kill  character-process-
       ing  (interrupt  and flow control characters are unaffect-
       ed), making  characters  typed  by  the  user  immediately
       available  to  the  program.  The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns
       the terminal to normal (cooked) mode.

       Initially the terminal may or may not be in  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>  mode,
       as the mode is inherited; therefore, a program should call
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> or <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> explicitly.  Most interactive  programs
       using  <STRONG>curses</STRONG> set the <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode.  Note that <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> over-
       rides <STRONG>raw</STRONG>.  [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a  discussion  of  how
       these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>echo</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters
       typed by the user are echoed by <STRONG>getch</STRONG> as they  are  typed.
       Echoing by the tty driver is always disabled, but initial-
       ly <STRONG>getch</STRONG> is in echo mode, so characters typed are  echoed.
       Authors  of  most  interactive programs prefer to do their
       own echoing in a controlled area of the screen, or not  to
       echo  at  all,  so they disable echoing by calling <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.
       [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how these routines
       interact with <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>  routine is used for half-delay mode, which
       is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that characters typed by  the
       user  are  immediately available to the program.  However,
       after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of seconds,  ERR  is  re-
       turned  if  nothing  has  been typed.  The value of <STRONG>tenths</STRONG>
       must be a number between 1 and 255.  Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to leave
       half-delay mode.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
       If  the <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled, (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), when an
       interrupt key  is  pressed  on  the  keyboard  (interrupt,
       break,  quit)  all  output in the tty driver queue will be
       flushed, giving the effect of faster response to  the  in-
       terrupt, but causing <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to have the wrong idea of what
       is on the screen.  Disabling (<EM>bf</EM>  is  <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>),  the  option
       prevents  the flush.  The default for the option is inher-
       ited from the tty driver settings.  The window argument is
       ignored.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> option enables the keypad of the user's termi-
       nal.  If enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), the user can press a  func-
       tion  key (such as an arrow key) and <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> returns a sin-
       gle value representing the function key, as  in  <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.
       If  disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does not treat function
       keys specially and the program has to interpret the escape
       sequences  itself.   If  the keypad in the terminal can be
       turned on (made to transmit) and off (made to work  local-
       ly),  turning on this option causes the terminal keypad to
       be turned on when <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> is called.  The default value for
       keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
       Initially, whether the terminal returns 7 or 8 significant
       bits on input depends on the control mode of the tty driv-
       er  [see  <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>].  To force 8 bits to be returned, in-
       voke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>); this is equivalent, under POSIX,  to
       setting  the CS8 flag on the terminal.  To force 7 bits to
       be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>); this is  equivalent,
       under POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the terminal.  The
       window argument, <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored.  If the  terminfo
       capabilities  <STRONG>smm</STRONG> (meta_on) and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined
       for the  terminal,  <STRONG>smm</STRONG>  is  sent  to  the  terminal  when
       <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>)  is called and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> is sent when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,
       <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call.
       If  no input is ready, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM>
       is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>getch</STRONG> waits until a key is pressed.

       While interpreting an input escape sequence, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> sets a
       timer  while  waiting  for the next character.  If <STRONG>notime-</STRONG>
       <STRONG>out(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called,  then  <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  does  not  set  a
       timer.  The purpose of the timeout is to differentiate be-
       tween sequences received from a  function  key  and  those
       typed by a user.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out
       of raw mode.  Raw mode is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, in  that
       characters typed are immediately passed through to the us-
       er program.  The differences are that in raw mode, the in-
       terrupt,  quit,  suspend,  and flow control characters are
       all passed through uninterpreted, instead of generating  a
       signal.   The  behavior  of the BREAK key depends on other
       bits in the tty driver that are not set by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
       When the <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> routine is used, normal flush of  input
       and  output queues associated with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG>
       characters will not be done [see <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>].  When <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>
       is  called,  the queues will be flushed when these control
       characters are read.  You may want to call <STRONG>noqiflush()</STRONG>  in
       a  signal handler if you want output to continue as though
       the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines  set  blocking  or  non-
       blocking  read  for a given window.  If <EM>delay</EM> is negative,
       blocking read is used (i.e., waits  indefinitely  for  in-
       put).   If  <EM>delay</EM>  is zero, then non-blocking read is used
       (i.e., read returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting).  If <EM>delay</EM>
       is  positive, then read blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and
       returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if there is still no input.  Hence, these rou-
       tines  provide the same functionality as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the
       additional capability of being able to block for only  <EM>de-</EM>
       <EM>lay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  library  does "line-breakout optimization" by
       looking for  typeahead  periodically  while  updating  the
       screen.   If  input is found, and it is coming from a tty,
       the current update is postponed until <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> or  <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>
       is  called again.  This allows faster response to commands
       typed in advance.  Normally, the input FILE pointer passed
       to  <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>,  or  <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was used,
       will be used to do this typeahead checking.  The <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG>
       routine  specifies  that  the  file descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is to be
       used to check for typeahead instead.  If <EM>fd</EM> is -1, then no
       typeahead checking is done.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
       All  routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon fail-
       ure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an  integer  value  other
       than  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>")  upon  successful completion, unless otherwise
       noted in the preceding routine descriptions.

       X/Open does not define any error conditions.  In this  im-
       plementation,  functions  with a window parameter will re-
       turn an error if it is null.  Any function will  also  re-
       turn an error if the terminal was not initialized.  Also,

              <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
                   returns  an  error if its parameter is outside
                   the range 1..255.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
       These functions are described in the XSI Curses  standard,
       Issue 4.

       The  ncurses  library obeys the XPG4 standard and the his-
       torical practice of the AT&amp;T  curses  implementations,  in
       that  the  echo bit is cleared when curses initializes the
       terminal state.  BSD curses differed from  this  slightly;
       it left the echo bit on at initialization, but the BSD <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
       call turned it off as a side-effect.  For best  portabili-
       ty,  set  echo or noecho explicitly just after initializa-
       tion, even if your program remains in cooked mode.

       When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, ncurses loads the  key-defi-
       nitions for the current terminal description.  If the ter-
       minal description includes extended  string  capabilities,
       e.g.,  from  using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of tic, then ncurses also
       defines keys for the capabilities whose names  begin  with
       "k".   The  corresponding  keycodes are generated and (de-
       pending on previous loads of  terminal  descriptions)  may
       differ  from  one execution of a program to the next.  The
       generated keycodes are recognized by the <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>  function
       (which will then return a name beginning with "k" denoting
       the terminfo capability name rather  than  "K",  used  for
       curses  key-names).  On the other hand, an application can
       use <STRONG>define_key</STRONG> to establish a specific keycode for a given
       string.   This  makes  it  possible  for an application to
       check for an extended capability's presence with <EM>tigetstr</EM>,
       and reassign the keycode to match its own needs.

       Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the def-
       inition of any particular string capability.  Higher-level
       applications which use the curses <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> and similar func-
       tions to return keycodes rely upon the order in which  the
       strings  are  loaded.  If more than one key definition has
       the same string value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  can  return  only  one
       keycode.   Most curses implementations (including ncurses)
       load key definitions in the order defined by the array  of
       string capability names.  The last key to be loaded deter-
       mines the keycode which will be returned.  In ncurses, you
       may  also  have  extended  capabilities interpreted as key
       definitions.  These are loaded after the predefined  keys,
       and  if  a capability's value is the same as a previously-
       loaded key definition, the later  definition  is  the  one
       used.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
       Note  that <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>node-</STRONG>
       <STRONG>lay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and  <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>
       may be macros.

       The <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls follow historical practice in
       that they attempt to restore  to  normal  (`cooked')  mode
       from  raw and cbreak modes respectively.  Mixing raw/noraw
       and cbreak/nocbreak calls  leads  to  tty  driver  control
       states  that  are hard to predict or understand; it is not
       recommended.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>,        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>


                                                        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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