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<H1 class="no-header">curs_pad 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>                                               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>subpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG> - create and display <STRONG>curses</STRONG> pads


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

       <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newpad(int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subpad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>prefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pmincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>sminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pnoutrefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pmincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>sminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pecho_wchar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>

</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-newpad">newpad</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a  new
       pad data structure with the given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>,
       and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>.  A pad is like a window,  except  that
       it is not restricted by the screen size, and is not neces-
       sarily associated with a particular part  of  the  screen.
       Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a
       part of the window will be on the screen at one time.  Au-
       tomatic refreshes of pads (e.g., from scrolling or echoing
       of input) do not occur.  It is not legal to call  <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>
       with  a  <EM>pad</EM>  as  an  argument;  the  routines <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> or
       <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> should be called instead.   Note  that  these
       routines require additional parameters to specify the part
       of the pad to be displayed and the location on the  screen
       to be used for the display.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-subpad">subpad</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>subpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a sub-
       window within a  pad  with  the  given  number  of  lines,
       <EM>nlines</EM>,  and  columns,  <EM>ncols</EM>.   Unlike <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, which uses
       screen coordinates, the window is  at  position  (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
       <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>)  on the pad.  The window is made in the middle of
       the window <EM>orig</EM>, so that changes made to one window affect
       both windows.  During the use of this routine, it will of-
       ten be necessary to call <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> be-
       fore calling <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-prefresh_-pnoutrefresh">prefresh, pnoutrefresh</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> routines are analogous to
       <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> except that they relate to  pads
       instead  of windows.  The additional parameters are needed
       to indicate what part of the pad and screen are  involved.
       The <EM>pminrow</EM> and <EM>pmincol</EM> parameters specify the upper left-
       hand corner of the rectangle to be displayed in  the  pad.
       The  <EM>sminrow</EM>,  <EM>smincol</EM>,  <EM>smaxrow</EM>,  and  <EM>smaxcol</EM> parameters
       specify the edges of the rectangle to be displayed on  the
       screen.   The  lower right-hand corner of the rectangle to
       be displayed in the pad is calculated from the screen  co-
       ordinates,  since  the  rectangles  must be the same size.
       Both rectangles must be entirely  contained  within  their
       respective  structures.  Negative values of <EM>pminrow</EM>, <EM>pmin-</EM>
       <EM>col</EM>, <EM>sminrow</EM>, or <EM>smincol</EM> are treated as if they were zero.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-pechochar">pechochar</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> routine is functionally equivalent to a call
       to  <STRONG>addch</STRONG>  followed by a call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, a call to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
       followed by a call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, or a call to  <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>  fol-
       lowed  by  a  call to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.  The knowledge that only a
       single character is being output is taken into  considera-
       tion  and, for non-control characters, a considerable per-
       formance gain might be seen by using  these  routines  in-
       stead of their equivalents.  In the case of <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>, the
       last location of the pad on the screen is reused  for  the
       arguments to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-pecho_wchar">pecho_wchar</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG>  function is the analogous wide-character
       form of <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>.  It outputs one character to a pad  and
       immediately  refreshes the pad.  It does this by a call to
       <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
       Routines that return an integer return  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  upon  failure
       and  <STRONG>OK</STRONG>  (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than
       <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.

       Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>  on  error,  and
       set <STRONG>errno</STRONG> to <STRONG>ENOMEM</STRONG>.

       X/Open  does not define any error conditions.  In this im-
       plementation

          <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>
               return an error if the window pointer is null,  or
               if  the  window is not really a pad or if the area
               to refresh extends off-screen or  if  the  minimum
               coordinates are greater than the maximum.

          <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>
               returns  an  error  if  the window is not really a
               pad, and the associated call to <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG>  returns
               an error.

          <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG>
               returns  an  error  if  the window is not really a
               pad, and the associated call  to  <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG>  re-
               turns an error.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
       Note that <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> may be a macro.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
       The  XSI  Curses  standard,  Issue 4 describes these func-
       tions.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG>curs_add-</STRONG>
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">ch(3x)</A></STRONG>.


                                                           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-newpad">newpad</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-subpad">subpad</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-prefresh_-pnoutrefresh">prefresh, pnoutrefresh</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-pechochar">pechochar</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-pecho_wchar">pecho_wchar</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
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