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<H1 class="no-header">ncurses 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>                                                 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> - CRT screen handling and optimization package


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  routines  give the user a terminal-
       independent method of updating character screens with rea-
       sonable optimization.  This implementation is "new curses"
       (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for 4.4BSD clas-
       sic  curses,  which has been discontinued.  This describes
       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20150808).

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library emulates the curses library of  System
       V  Release  4  UNIX,  and  XPG4 (X/Open Portability Guide)
       curses (also known as XSI curses).  XSI stands for  X/Open
       System  Interfaces  Extension.   The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  is
       freely redistributable in source form.   Differences  from
       the  SVr4  curses  are summarized under the <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG> and
       <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> sections below and described in detail in  the
       respective  <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG>,  <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG>  and <STRONG>BUGS</STRONG> sections of
       individual man pages.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library also provides many useful  extensions,
       i.e.,  features  which  cannot  be implemented by a simple
       add-on library but which require access to  the  internals
       of the library.

       A  program  using  these  routines must be linked with the
       <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG> option, or (if it has been generated)  with  the
       debugging  library  <STRONG>-lncurses_g</STRONG>.   (Your system integrator
       may also have installed these libraries  under  the  names
       <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> and <STRONG>-lcurses_g</STRONG>.)  The ncurses_g library generates
       trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current direc-
       tory)  that describe curses actions.  See also the section
       on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CONFIGURATIONS</STRONG>.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> package supports: overall screen,  window  and
       pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading ter-
       minal input; control over terminal and  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  input  and
       output  options; environment query routines; color manipu-
       lation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities; and
       access to low-level terminal-manipulation routines.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
       The  library uses the locale which the calling program has
       initialized.  That is normally done with <STRONG>setlocale</STRONG>:

             <STRONG>setlocale(LC_ALL,</STRONG> <STRONG>"");</STRONG>

       If the locale is not initialized, the library assumes that
       characters  are  printable  as in ISO-8859-1, to work with
       certain legacy programs.  You should initialize the locale
       and  not  rely on specific details of the library when the
       locale has not been setup.

       The function <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> must be called to initial-
       ize the library before any of the other routines that deal
       with windows and screens are  used.   The  routine  <STRONG>endwin</STRONG>
       must be called before exiting.

       To  get  character-at-a-time  input  without echoing (most
       interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the fol-
       lowing sequence should be used:

             <STRONG>initscr();</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak();</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho();</STRONG>

       Most programs would additionally use the sequence:

             <STRONG>nonl();</STRONG>
             <STRONG>intrflush(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>FALSE);</STRONG>
             <STRONG>keypad(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>TRUE);</STRONG>

       Before  a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> program is run, the tab stops of the ter-
       minal should be set and  its  initialization  strings,  if
       defined,  must  be  output.  This can be done by executing
       the <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG> command after the shell environment variable
       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>  has  been  exported.  <STRONG>tset(1)</STRONG> is usually responsible
       for doing this.  [See <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> for further details.]


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library permits manipulation  of  data  struc-
       tures,  called  <EM>windows</EM>,  which  can be thought of as two-
       dimensional arrays of characters representing all or  part
       of a CRT screen.  A default window called <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, which is
       the size of the terminal screen, is supplied.  Others  may
       be created with <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>.

       Note  that  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  does  not  handle overlapping windows,
       that's done by the <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG> library.  This means that you
       can either use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or divide the screen into tiled win-
       dows and not using <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> at all.   Mixing  the  two  will
       result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects.

       Windows are referred to by variables declared as <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG>.
       These  data  structures  are  manipulated  with   routines
       described  here and elsewhere in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> manual pages.
       Among those, the most basic routines are <STRONG>move</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.
       More  general versions of these routines are included with
       names beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG>, allowing the  user  to  specify  a
       window.  The routines not beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG> affect <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.

       After  using  routines  to manipulate a window, <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> is
       called, telling <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to make the user's CRT screen  look
       like  <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.   The characters in a window are actually of
       type <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, (character and attribute data) so that  other
       information  about  the  character may also be stored with
       each character.

       Special windows  called  <EM>pads</EM>  may  also  be  manipulated.
       These are windows which are not constrained to the size of
       the screen and whose contents need not be completely  dis-
       played.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.

       In  addition  to  drawing  characters on the screen, video
       attributes and colors may be supported, causing the  char-
       acters  to show up in such modes as underlined, in reverse
       video, or in color on terminals that support such  display
       enhancements.  Line drawing characters may be specified to
       be output.  On input, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is  also  able  to  translate
       arrow  and  function  keys  that transmit escape sequences
       into single values.  The video  attributes,  line  drawing
       characters,   and  input  values  use  names,  defined  in
       <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>, such as <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG>, and <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></H3><PRE>
       If the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> are set, or
       if  the program is executing in a window environment, line
       and column information in the  environment  will  override
       information read by <EM>terminfo</EM>.  This would affect a program
       running in an AT&amp;T 630 layer, for example, where the  size
       of a screen is changeable (see <STRONG>ENVIRONMENT</STRONG>).

       If  the environment variable <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is defined, any pro-
       gram using <STRONG>curses</STRONG> checks for a local  terminal  definition
       before  checking  in  the standard place.  For example, if
       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is set to <STRONG>att4424</STRONG>, then the compiled terminal defini-
       tion is found in

             <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.

       (The <STRONG>a</STRONG> is copied from the first letter of <STRONG>att4424</STRONG> to avoid
       creation of huge directories.)  However,  if  <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG>  is
       set to <STRONG>$HOME/myterms</STRONG>, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> first checks

             <STRONG>$HOME/myterms/a/att4424</STRONG>,

       and if that fails, it then checks

             <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.

       This  is useful for developing experimental definitions or
       when write permission in <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG> is not avail-
       able.

       The  integer  variables  <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>COLS</STRONG>  are  defined in
       <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG> and will be filled in by <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> with the  size
       of the screen.  The constants <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> and <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> have the val-
       ues <STRONG>1</STRONG> and <STRONG>0</STRONG>, respectively.

       The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines also  define  the  <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG>  <STRONG>*</STRONG>  variable
       <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> which is used for certain low-level operations like
       clearing and redrawing a screen containing  garbage.   The
       <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> can be used in only a few routines.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></H3><PRE>
       Many  <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines have two or more versions.  The rou-
       tines prefixed with <STRONG>w</STRONG> require a window argument.  The rou-
       tines prefixed with <STRONG>p</STRONG> require a pad argument.  Those with-
       out a prefix generally use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.

       The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mv</STRONG> require a <EM>y</EM> and <EM>x</EM> coordinate
       to  move to before performing the appropriate action.  The
       <STRONG>mv</STRONG> routines imply a call to <STRONG>move</STRONG> before the  call  to  the
       other  routine.  The coordinate <EM>y</EM> always refers to the row
       (of the window), and <EM>x</EM> always refers to the  column.   The
       upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).

       The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mvw</STRONG> take both a window argument
       and <EM>x</EM> and <EM>y</EM> coordinates.  The window  argument  is  always
       specified before the coordinates.

       In  each  case, <EM>win</EM> is the window affected, and <EM>pad</EM> is the
       pad affected; <EM>win</EM> and <EM>pad</EM> are always pointers to type <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
       <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>.

       Option setting routines require a Boolean flag <EM>bf</EM> with the
       value <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> or <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>; <EM>bf</EM> is always of type <STRONG>bool</STRONG>.   Most  of
       the  data types used in the library routines, such as <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
       <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG>, <STRONG>bool</STRONG>, and <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> are defined  in  <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>.
       Types  used for the terminfo routines such as <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> are
       defined in <STRONG>&lt;term.h&gt;</STRONG>.

       This manual page describes functions which may  appear  in
       any  configuration  of  the library.  There are two common
       configurations of the library:

          <EM>ncurses</EM>
               the "normal" library, which handles 8-bit  charac-
               ters.   The  normal (8-bit) library stores charac-
               ters combined with attributes in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> data.

               Attributes alone (no corresponding character)  may
               be stored in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> or the equivalent <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> data.
               In either case, the data is  stored  in  something
               like an integer.

               Each  cell  (row and column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is stored
               as a <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>.

          <EM>ncursesw</EM>
               the so-called "wide" library, which handles multi-
               byte characters (see the section on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CON-</STRONG>
               <STRONG>FIGURATIONS</STRONG>).  The "wide" library includes all  of
               the  calls  from  the  "normal"  library.  It adds
               about one third more calls using data types  which
               store multibyte characters:

               <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>
                    corresponds  to  <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>.   However  it  is  a
                    structure, because more data is  stored  than
                    can  fit into an integer.  The characters are
                    large enough to require a full integer  value
                    -  and  there  may be more than one character
                    per cell.  The video attributes and color are
                    stored in separate fields of the structure.

                    Each  cell  (row  and  column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is
                    stored as a <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>.

               <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG>
                    stores a "wide" character.  Like <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, this
                    may be an integer.

               <STRONG>wint_t</STRONG>
                    stores  a  <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG>  or  <STRONG>WEOF</STRONG>  - not the same,
                    though both may have the same size.

               The "wide" library provides  new  functions  which
               are   analogous   to  functions  in  the  "normal"
               library.   There  is  a  naming  convention  which
               relates  many  of the normal/wide variants: a "_w"
               is inserted into the name.   For  example,  <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
               becomes <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></H3><PRE>
       The following table lists each <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routine and the name
       of the manual page on which  it  is  described.   Routines
       flagged  with  `*'  are ncurses-specific, not described by
       XPG4 or present in SVr4.

              <STRONG>curses</STRONG> Routine Name     Manual Page Name
              --------------------------------------------
              COLOR_PAIR              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              PAIR_NUMBER             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              _nc_free_and_exit       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _nc_freeall             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _nc_tracebits           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _traceattr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _traceattr2             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _tracechar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*

              _tracechtype            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _tracechtype2           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _tracedump              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _tracef                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              _tracemouse             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              add_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              add_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              add_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              addwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              assume_default_colors   <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              attr_get                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attr_off                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attr_on                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attr_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attroff                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attron                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              attrset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              baudrate                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              beep                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
              bkgd                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              bkgdset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              bkgrnd                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              bkgrndset               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              border                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              border_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              box                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              box_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              can_change_color        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              cbreak                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              chgat                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              clear                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              clearok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              clrtobot                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              clrtoeol                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              color_content           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              color_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              copywin                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
              curs_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              curses_version          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              def_prog_mode           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              def_shell_mode          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              define_key              <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              del_curterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              delay_output            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              delch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              deleteln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              delscreen               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              delwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              derwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              doupdate                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
              dupwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              echo                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              echo_wchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              echochar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              endwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              erase                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              erasechar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              erasewchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              filter                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              flash                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>

              flushinp                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              get_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              get_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getattrs                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getbegx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getbegy                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getbegyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getbkgd                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getbkgrnd               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getcchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getcurx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getcury                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getmaxx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getmaxy                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getmaxyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getmouse                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getn_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getparx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getpary                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              getparyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getsyx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              getyx                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
              halfdelay               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              has_colors              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              has_ic                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              has_il                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              has_key                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              hline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              hline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              idcok                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              idlok                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              immedok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              in_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              in_wchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              in_wchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              inch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              inchnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              inchstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              init_color              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              init_pair               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              initscr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              innstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              innwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ins_nwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ins_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ins_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              insch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              insdelln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              insertln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              insnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              insstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              instr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              intrflush               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              inwstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              is_cleared              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_idcok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_idlok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_immedok              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_keypad               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_leaveok              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_linetouched          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              is_nodelay              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*

              is_notimeout            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_pad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_scrollok             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_subwin               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_syncok               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_term_resized         <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              is_wintouched           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              isendwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              key_defined             <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              key_name                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              keybound                <STRONG><A HREF="keybound.3x.html">keybound(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              keyname                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              keyok                   <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              keypad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              killchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              killwchar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              leaveok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              longname                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mcprint                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              meta                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mouse_trafo             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              mouseinterval           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              mousemask               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              move                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvadd_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvadd_wchnstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvadd_wchstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddnwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvaddwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvchgat                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvcur                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvdelch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvderwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvget_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvget_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvgetch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvgetn_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvgetnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvgetstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvhline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvhline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvin_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvin_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvin_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvins_nwstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvins_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvins_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinsch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinsnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinsstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvinwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvprintw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvscanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvvline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvvline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>

              mvwadd_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwadd_wchnstr          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwadd_wchstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddnwstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwaddwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwchgat                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwdelch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwget_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwget_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwgetch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwgetn_wstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwgetnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwgetstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwhline                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwhline_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwin_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwin_wchnstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwin_wchstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinnwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwins_nwstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwins_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwins_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinsch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinsnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinsstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwinwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwprintw               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwscanw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwvline                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              mvwvline_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              napms                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              newpad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
              newterm                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              newwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              nl                      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              nocbreak                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              nodelay                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              noecho                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              nofilter                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              nonl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              noqiflush               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              noraw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              notimeout               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              overlay                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
              overwrite               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
              pair_content            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              pechochar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
              pnoutrefresh            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
              prefresh                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
              printw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              putp                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              putwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              qiflush                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              raw                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              redrawwin               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>

              refresh                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
              reset_prog_mode         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              reset_shell_mode        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              resetty                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              resize_term             <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              resizeterm              <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              restartterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ripoffline              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              savetty                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scanw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scr_dump                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scr_init                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scr_restore             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scr_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scrl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scroll                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
              scrollok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              set_curterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              set_term                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              setcchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
              setscrreg               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              setsyx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
              setterm                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              setupterm               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              slk_attr_off            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attr_on             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attr_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attroff             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attron              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_attrset             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_clear               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_color               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_init                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_label               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_noutrefresh         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_refresh             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_restore             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              slk_touch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
              standend                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              standout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              start_color             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
              subpad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
              subwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              syncok                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              term_attrs              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              termattrs               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              termname                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tgetent                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tgetflag                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tgetnum                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tgetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tgoto                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tigetflag               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tigetnum                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tigetstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tiparm                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              timeout                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              touchline               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              touchwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tparm                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tputs                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
              tputs                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              trace                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              typeahead               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>

              unctrl                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              unget_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ungetch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              ungetmouse              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              untouchwin              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              use_default_colors      <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              use_env                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              use_extended_names      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              use_legacy_coding       <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              use_tioctl              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vid_attr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vid_puts                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vidattr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vidputs                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vw_printw               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vw_scanw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vwprintw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              vwscanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wadd_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wadd_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wadd_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              waddwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattr_get               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattr_off               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattr_on                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattr_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattroff                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattron                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wattrset                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wbkgd                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wbkgdset                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wbkgrnd                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wbkgrndset              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wborder                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wborder_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wchgat                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wclear                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wclrtobot               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wclrtoeol               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wcolor_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wcursyncup              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wdelch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wdeleteln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wecho_wchar             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wechochar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wenclose                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              werase                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wget_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wget_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wgetbkgrnd              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wgetch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wgetdelay               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              wgetn_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wgetnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wgetparent              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              wgetscrreg              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              wgetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              whline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>

              whline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
              win_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              win_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              win_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wins_nwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wins_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wins_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winsch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winsdelln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winsertln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winsnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winsstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              winwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wmouse_trafo            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              wmove                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wnoutrefresh            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wprintw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wredrawln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wrefresh                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wresize                 <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>*
              wscanw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wscrl                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wsetscrreg              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wstandend               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wstandout               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wsyncdown               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wsyncup                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wtimeout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wtouchln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wunctrl                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wvline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
              wvline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
       Routines that return an integer return  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  upon  failure
       and  an  integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon successful com-
       pletion, unless otherwise noted in  the  routine  descrip-
       tions.

       As a general rule, routines check for null pointers passed
       as parameters, and handle this as an error.

       All macros return the  value  of  the  <STRONG>w</STRONG>  version,  except
       <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>, <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>, and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG>.  The
       return values of <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>,  <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>,  <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>,
       and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG> are undefined (i.e., these should not be used
       as the right-hand side of assignment statements).

       Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
       The following environment symbols are useful for customiz-
       ing the runtime behavior of the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library.  The most
       important ones have been already discussed in detail.

   <STRONG>CC</STRONG>
       When set,  change  occurrences  of  the  command_character
       (i.e.,  the  <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG>  capability)  of  the  loaded  terminfo
       entries to the value of this variable.  Very few  terminfo
       entries provide this feature.

       Because this name is also used in development environments
       to represent the C compiler's name, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> ignores it  if
       it does not happen to be a single character.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></H3><PRE>
       The  debugging  library  checks  this environment variable
       when the application has redirected output to a file.  The
       variable's  numeric value is used for the baudrate.  If no
       value is found, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 9600.  This allows testers to
       construct  repeatable  test-cases  that  take into account
       costs that depend on baudrate.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></H3><PRE>
       Specify the width of the screen in  characters.   Applica-
       tions  running in a windowing environment usually are able
       to obtain the width of the window in which they  are  exe-
       cuting.   If  neither the <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> value nor the terminal's
       screen size is available, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses the size which  may
       be  specified  in  the  terminfo  database (i.e., the <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
       capability).

       It is important that your application use a  correct  size
       for  the screen.  This is not always possible because your
       application may be running on a host which does not  honor
       NAWS  (Negotiations About Window Size), or because you are
       temporarily running as  another  user.   However,  setting
       <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>  and/or  <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>  overrides the library's use of the
       screen size obtained from the operating system.

       Either <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> symbols may be specified  indepen-
       dently.   This  is mainly useful to circumvent legacy mis-
       features of terminal descriptions, e.g., xterm which  com-
       monly specifies a 65 line screen.  For best results, <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
       and <STRONG>cols</STRONG> should not be specified in a terminal description
       for terminals which are run as emulations.

       Use  the  <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>  function to disable all use of external
       environment (but not including system calls) to  determine
       the  screen  size.   Use the <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> function to update
       <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> to match the screen  size  obtained  from
       system calls or the terminal database.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></H3><PRE>
       Specifies  the  total  time,  in  milliseconds,  for which
       ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a  function
       key.   The default value, 1000 milliseconds, is enough for
       most uses.  However, it is made a variable to  accommodate
       unusual applications.

       The most common instance where you may wish to change this
       value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running on a  net-
       work.   If the host cannot read characters rapidly enough,
       it will have the same effect as if the  terminal  did  not
       send  characters  rapidly  enough.  The library will still
       see a timeout.

       Note that xterm mouse events are built up  from  character
       sequences  received  from  the xterm.  If your application
       makes heavy use of  multiple-clicking,  you  may  wish  to
       lengthen this default value because the timeout applies to
       the composed multi-click event as well as  the  individual
       clicks.

       In  addition to the environment variable, this implementa-
       tion provides a global variable with the same name.   Por-
       table  applications  should  not rely upon the presence of
       ESCDELAY in either form, but setting the environment vari-
       able rather than the global variable does not create prob-
       lems when compiling an application.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-HOME">HOME</a></H3><PRE>
       Tells <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> where your home directory is.  That is where
       it may read and write auxiliary terminal descriptions:

       $HOME/.termcap
       $HOME/.terminfo


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-LINES">LINES</a></H3><PRE>
       Like  COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in charac-
       ters.  See COLUMNS for a detailed description.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123">MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</a></H3><PRE>
       This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port.  It specifies  the
       order  of  buttons  on the mouse.  OS/2 numbers a 3-button
       mouse inconsistently from other platforms:

       1 = left
       2 = right
       3 = middle.

       This variable lets you customize the mouse.  The  variable
       must  be  three numeric digits 1-3 in any order, e.g., 123
       or 321.  If it is not specified, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 132.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS">NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</a></H3><PRE>
       Override the compiled-in assumption  that  the  terminal's
       default   colors   are  white-on-black  (see  <STRONG>default_col-</STRONG>
       <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">ors(3x)</A></STRONG>).  You may set the foreground and background color
       values  with this environment variable by proving a 2-ele-
       ment list: foreground,background.  For  example,  to  tell
       ncurses  to not assume anything about the colors, set this
       to "-1,-1".  To make it green-on-black, set it  to  "2,0".
       Any  positive  value  from zero to the terminfo <STRONG>max_colors</STRONG>
       value is allowed.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></H3><PRE>
       This applies only to the MinGW port of ncurses.

       The <STRONG>Console2</STRONG> program's handling of the  Microsoft  Console
       API call <STRONG>CreateConsoleScreenBuffer</STRONG> is defective.  Applica-
       tions which use this will hang.  However, it  is  possible
       to  simulate  the  action  of this call by mapping coordi-
       nates, explicitly saving and restoring the original screen
       contents.   Setting the environment variable <STRONG>NCGDB</STRONG> has the
       same effect.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></H3><PRE>
       This applies only to ncurses configured  to  use  the  GPM
       interface.

       If  present,  the environment variable is a list of one or
       more terminal names against  which  the  TERM  environment
       variable  is  matched.   Setting it to an empty value dis-
       ables the GPM interface; using the  built-in  support  for
       xterm, etc.

       If  the  environment  variable  is  absent,  ncurses  will
       attempt to open GPM if TERM contains "linux".


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></H3><PRE>
       <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> may use tabs as part of the cursor movement  opti-
       mization.   In  some  cases,  your terminal driver may not
       handle these properly.  Set this environment  variable  to
       disable  the  feature.  You can also adjust your <STRONG>stty</STRONG> set-
       tings to avoid the problem.  NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE  Some
       terminals  use  a magic-cookie feature which requires spe-
       cial  handling  to  make  highlighting  and  other   video
       attributes  display  properly.  You can suppress the high-
       lighting entirely for  these  terminals  by  setting  this
       environment variable.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></H3><PRE>
       Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo database
       are written for real "hardware"  terminals.   Many  people
       use  terminal  emulators which run in a windowing environ-
       ment and use curses-based applications.   Terminal  emula-
       tors can duplicate all of the important aspects of a hard-
       ware terminal, but they do not have the same  limitations.
       The  chief  limitation  of  a  hardware  terminal from the
       standpoint  of  your  application  is  the  management  of
       dataflow,  i.e.,  timing.   Unless  a hardware terminal is
       interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which  does  flow
       control),  it  (or your application) must manage dataflow,
       preventing overruns.  The cheapest solution  (no  hardware
       cost)  is  for  your  program  to do this by pausing after
       operations that the terminal does slowly, such as clearing
       the display.

       As  a  result,  many  terminal descriptions (including the
       vt100) have delay times embedded.  You  may  wish  to  use
       these  descriptions,  but  not want to pay the performance
       penalty.

       Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING environment variable to disable
       all but mandatory padding.  Mandatory padding is used as a
       part of special control sequences such as <EM>flash</EM>.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></H3><PRE>
       This setting is obsolete.  Before changes

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   started with 5.9 patch 20120825 and

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   continued though 5.9 patch 20130126

       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> enabled buffered output during  terminal  initial-
       ization.   This  was  done (as in SVr4 curses) for perfor-
       mance reasons.  For testing purposes, both of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  and
       certain  applications,  this  feature  was  made optional.
       Setting the  NCURSES_NO_SETBUF  variable  disabled  output
       buffering,  leaving  the  output  in the original (usually
       line buffered) mode.

       In the current implementation, ncurses  performs  its  own
       buffering  and  does not require this workaround.  It does
       not modify the buffering of the standard output.

       The reason for the change was to  make  the  behavior  for
       interrupts and other signals more robust.  One drawback is
       that certain nonconventional programs would  mix  ordinary
       stdio  calls  with ncurses calls and (usually) work.  This
       is no longer possible  since  ncurses  is  not  using  the
       buffered  standard  output but its own output (to the same
       file descriptor).  As a special case, the low-level  calls
       such  as  <STRONG>putp</STRONG>  still  use the standard output.  But high-
       level curses calls do not.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></H3><PRE>
       During initialization, the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library checks for spe-
       cial cases where VT100 line-drawing (and the corresponding
       alternate character set  capabilities)  described  in  the
       terminfo are known to be missing.  Specifically, when run-
       ning in a UTF-8 locale, the Linux console emulator and the
       GNU  screen program ignore these.  Ncurses checks the TERM
       environment variable for these.  For other special  cases,
       you  should  set  this  environment  variable.  Doing this
       tells ncurses to use Unicode values  which  correspond  to
       the VT100 line-drawing glyphs.  That works for the special
       cases cited, and is likely to work for terminal emulators.

       When setting this variable, you should set it to a nonzero
       value.   Setting  it  to zero (or to a nonnumber) disables
       the special check for "linux" and "screen".

       As an alternative to  the  environment  variable,  ncurses
       checks  for an extended terminfo capability <STRONG>U8</STRONG>.  This is a
       numeric capability which can  be  compiled  using  <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>.
       For example

          # linux console, if patched to provide working
          # VT100 shift-in/shift-out, with corresponding font.
          linux-vt100|linux console with VT100 line-graphics,
                  U8#0, use=linux,

          # uxterm with vt100Graphics resource set to false
          xterm-utf8|xterm relying on UTF-8 line-graphics,
                  U8#1, use=xterm,

       The name "U8" is chosen to be two characters, to permit it
       to be used  by  applications  that  use  ncurses'  termcap
       interface.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_TRACE">NCURSES_TRACE</a></H3><PRE>
       During   initialization,  the  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  debugging  library
       checks the NCURSES_TRACE environment variable.  If  it  is
       defined, to a numeric value, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls the <STRONG>trace</STRONG> func-
       tion, using that value as the argument.

       The argument values, which are defined in  <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>,  pro-
       vide  several  types  of  information.   When running with
       traces enabled, your application will write the file <STRONG>trace</STRONG>
       to the current directory.

       See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-TERM">TERM</a></H3><PRE>
       Denotes  your  terminal  type.  Each terminal type is dis-
       tinct, though many are similar.

       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is commonly set by terminal emulators to help  appli-
       cations  find  a  workable  terminal description.  Some of
       those  choose  a  popular  approximation,  e.g.,   "ansi",
       "vt100",  "xterm"  rather  than  an exact fit.  Not infre-
       quently, your application will  have  problems  with  that
       approach, e.g., incorrect function-key definitions.

       If  you  set <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> in your environment, it has no effect on
       the operation of the terminal emulator.  It  only  affects
       the  way applications work within the terminal.  Likewise,
       as a general rule (<STRONG>xterm</STRONG> being a rare exception), terminal
       emulators  which  allow you to specify <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> as a parameter
       or configuration value do not  change  their  behavior  to
       match that setting.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-TERMCAP">TERMCAP</a></H3><PRE>
       If  the  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library has been configured with <EM>termcap</EM>
       support, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> will check for a  terminal's  description
       in  termcap  form  if  it is not available in the terminfo
       database.

       The TERMCAP environment variable contains either a  termi-
       nal  description  (with  newlines stripped out), or a file
       name telling where the information  denoted  by  the  TERM
       environment  variable  exists.  In either case, setting it
       directs <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> to ignore the usual place for this  infor-
       mation, e.g., /etc/termcap.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO">TERMINFO</a></H3><PRE>
       Overrides the directory in which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> searches for your
       terminal description.  This is the simplest, but  not  the
       only  way to change the list of directories.  The complete
       list of directories in order follows:

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the last directory to which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> wrote, if  any,
              is searched first

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the directory specified by the TERMINFO environment
              variable

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   $HOME/.terminfo

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS environment
              variable

          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   one  or more directories whose names are configured
              and compiled into the ncurses library, i.e.,

             <STRONG>o</STRONG>   /usr/local/ncurses/share/ter-
                 minfo:/usr/share/terminfo  (corresponding to the
                 TERMINFO_DIRS variable)

             <STRONG>o</STRONG>   /usr/share/terminfo (corresponding to  the  TER-
                 MINFO variable)


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO_DIRS">TERMINFO_DIRS</a></H3><PRE>
       Specifies  a  list  of  directories to search for terminal
       descriptions.  The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":")
       on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.

       All  of  the  terminal  descriptions are in terminfo form.
       Normally these are stored in a directory tree, using  sub-
       directories  named  by  the  first  letter of the terminal
       names therein.

       If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built with  a  hashed  database,  then  each
       entry in this list can also be the path of the correspond-
       ing database file.

       If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built with a  support  for  reading  termcap
       files directly, then an entry in this list may be the path
       of a termcap file.


</PRE>
<H3><a name="h3-TERMPATH">TERMPATH</a></H3><PRE>
       If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  checks
       the  TERMPATH  environment  variable.   This  is a list of
       filenames separated by spaces or  colons  (i.e.,  ":")  on
       Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.

       If  the  TERMPATH environment variable is not set, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
       looks in the files  /etc/termcap,  /usr/share/misc/termcap
       and $HOME/.termcap, in that order.

       The  library  may be configured to disregard the following
       variables when the current user is the  superuser  (root),
       or if the application uses setuid or setgid permissions:

       $TERMINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></H2><PRE>
       Several  different  configurations are possible, depending
       on  the  configure  script  options  used  when   building
       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>.   There  are a few main options whose effects are
       visible to the applications developer using <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>:

       --disable-overwrite
            The standard include for <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is as noted in  <STRONG>SYN-</STRONG>
            <STRONG>OPSIS</STRONG>:

          <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

            This  option is used to avoid filename conflicts when
            <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is not the main implementation of  curses  of
            the  computer.   If  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  is  installed disabling
            overwrite, it puts its  headers  in  a  subdirectory,
            e.g.,

          <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;ncurses/curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

            It  also  omits a symbolic link which would allow you
            to use <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> to build executables.

       --enable-widec
            The configure script renames the library and (if  the
            <STRONG>--disable-overwrite</STRONG>  option  is used) puts the header
            files  in  a  different  subdirectory.   All  of  the
            library  names  have  a  "w"  appended to them, i.e.,
            instead of

          <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG>

            you link with

          <STRONG>-lncursesw</STRONG>

            You must also define <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED</STRONG> when com-
            piling  for  the  wide-character  library  to use the
            extended (wide-character)  functions.   The  <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>
            file   which  is  installed  for  the  wide-character
            library is designed to be compatible with the  normal
            library's header.  Only the size of the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> struc-
            ture differs, and very few applications require  more
            than  a  pointer  to  <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG>s.   If  the  headers are
            installed  allowing  overwrite,  the   wide-character
            library's  headers should be installed last, to allow
            applications to be built using  either  library  from
            the same set of headers.

       --with-pthread
            The configure script renames the library.  All of the
            library names have a "t" appended to them (before any
            "w" added by <STRONG>--enable-widec</STRONG>).

            The  global  variables  such as <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> are replaced by
            macros to allow read-only access.  At the same  time,
            setter-functions  are  provided  to set these values.
            Some applications (very few) may require  changes  to
            work with this convention.

       --with-shared

       --with-normal

       --with-debug

       --with-profile
            The  shared  and normal (static) library names differ
            by their  suffixes,  e.g.,  <STRONG>libncurses.so</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>libn-</STRONG>
            <STRONG>curses.a</STRONG>.   The  debug  and profiling libraries add a
            "_g" and a "_p" to the root names respectively, e.g.,
            <STRONG>libncurses_g.a</STRONG> and <STRONG>libncurses_p.a</STRONG>.

       --with-trace
            The  <STRONG>trace</STRONG>  function  normally  resides  in the debug
            library, but it is sometimes useful to configure this
            in  the  shared  library.   Configure  scripts should
            check for the function's existence rather than assum-
            ing it is always in the debug library.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
       /usr/share/tabset
            directory  containing  initialization  files  for the
            terminal capability database /usr/share/terminfo ter-
            minal capability database


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>  and  related  pages whose names begin "curs_"
       for detailed routine descriptions.
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  can  be  compiled  with  an  option
       (<STRONG>-DUSE_GETCAP</STRONG>) that falls back to the old-style /etc/term-
       cap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a terminfo
       entry  corresponding  to <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.  Use of this feature is not
       recommended, as it essentially includes an entire  termcap
       compiler  in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> startup code, at significant cost
       in core and startup cycles.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  includes  facilities  for  capturing
       mouse  events on certain terminals (including xterm).  See
       the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library includes facilities for responding  to
       window  resizing  events,  e.g., when running in an xterm.
       See the <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>  manual  pages  for
       details.   In addition, the library may be configured with
       a SIGWINCH handler.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library extends the fixed set of function  key
       capabilities  of  terminals  by  allowing  the application
       designer to define additional key  sequences  at  runtime.
       See the <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG> man-
       ual pages for details.

       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library can exploit the capabilities of termi-
       nals  which  implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49 con-
       trols, which allow an application to reset the terminal to
       its  original  foreground and background colors.  From the
       users' perspective, the application is able to  draw  col-
       ored  text  on  a  background  whose color is set indepen-
       dently, providing better  control  over  color  contrasts.
       See the <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.

       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  includes  a  function for directing
       application output to a printer attached to  the  terminal
       device.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library is intended to be BASE-level confor-
       mant with XSI Curses.  The EXTENDED XSI Curses functional-
       ity (including color support) is supported.

       A  small  number of local differences (that is, individual
       differences between the XSI Curses and <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls)  are
       described  in  <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG>  sections  of  the  library man
       pages.

       Unlike other implementations, this one  checks  parameters
       such  as  pointers to WINDOW structures to ensure they are
       not null.  The main reason for providing this behavior  is
       to guard against programmer error.  The standard interface
       does not provide a way for the library to tell an applica-
       tion  which  of  several  possible  errors  were detected.
       Relying on this (or some other) extension  will  adversely
       affect the portability of curses applications.

       This implementation also contains several extensions:

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The  routine  <STRONG>has_key</STRONG>  is  not part of XPG4, nor is it
           present in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>  manual  page
           for details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The  routine  <STRONG>slk_attr</STRONG>  is not part of XPG4, nor is it
           present in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
           details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routines <STRONG>getmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousemask</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousein-</STRONG>
           <STRONG>terval</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wenclose</STRONG> relating to mouse interfacing are
           not  part  of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4.  See
           the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routine <STRONG>mcprint</STRONG> was not present  in  any  previous
           curses  implementation.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual
           page for details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routine <STRONG>wresize</STRONG> is not part of  XPG4,  nor  is  it
           present  in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
           details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The WINDOW structure's internal details can be  hidden
           from  application  programs.   See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG> for
           the discussion of <STRONG>is_scrollok</STRONG>, etc.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   This implementation can be configured to provide rudi-
           mentary  support for multi-threaded applications.  See
           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.

       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   This implementation can also be configured to  provide
           a set of functions which improve the ability to manage
           multiple screens.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.

       In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the  capa-
       bilities <STRONG>cr</STRONG>, <STRONG>ind</STRONG>, <STRONG>cub1</STRONG>, <STRONG>ff</STRONG> and <STRONG>tab</STRONG> activated corresponding
       delay bits in the UNIX tty driver.   In  this  implementa-
       tion,  all  padding  is  done  by sending NUL bytes.  This
       method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the  inter-
       face  to  the  UNIX kernel significantly and increases the
       package's portability correspondingly.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
       The header  file  <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>  automatically  includes  the
       header files <STRONG>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</STRONG> and <STRONG>&lt;unctrl.h&gt;</STRONG>.

       If  standard  output from a <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> program is re-directed
       to something which is not a tty, screen  updates  will  be
       directed to standard error.  This was an undocumented fea-
       ture of AT&amp;T System V Release 3 curses.


</PRE>
<H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
       Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric  S.  Raymond,  Thomas  E.  Dickey.
       Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.


                                                            <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-HOME">HOME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-LINES">LINES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123">MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS">NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_TRACE">NCURSES_TRACE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-TERM">TERM</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-TERMCAP">TERMCAP</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-TERMINFO">TERMINFO</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-TERMINFO_DIRS">TERMINFO_DIRS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-TERMPATH">TERMPATH</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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