ncurses/man/curs_addch.3x - nest-cam/4320010/ncurses - Git at Google

 '\" t
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\" Copyright (c) 1998-2014,2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
 .\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *
 .\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including      *
 .\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,      *
 .\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell       *
 .\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is    *
 .\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:                 *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included  *
 .\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.                   *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS  *
 .\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF               *
 .\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.   *
 .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,   *
 .\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR    *
 .\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR    *
 .\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                               *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright   *
 .\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the     *
 .\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written       *
 .\" authorization.                                                           *
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"
 .\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.36 2015/07/16 09:14:44 tom Exp $
 .TH curs_addch 3X ""
 .de bP
 .IP \(bu 4
 ..
 .SH NAME
 \fBaddch\fR,
 \fBwaddch\fR,
 \fBmvaddch\fR,
 \fBmvwaddch\fR,
 \fBechochar\fR,
 \fBwechochar\fR \- add a character (with attributes) to a \fBcurses\fR window, then advance the cursor
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 \fB#include <curses.h>\fR
 .PP
 \fBint addch(const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 \fBint waddch(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 \fBint mvaddch(int y, int x, const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 \fBint mvwaddch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 \fBint echochar(const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 \fBint wechochar(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);\fR
 .br
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 .SS Adding characters
 The \fBaddch\fR, \fBwaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR and \fBmvwaddch\fR routines put
 the character \fIch\fR into the given window at its current window position,
 which is then advanced.  They are analogous to \fBputchar\fR in \fBstdio\fR(3).
 If the advance is at the right margin:
 .bP
 The cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
 .bP
 At the bottom of the current scrolling region,
 and if \fBscrollok\fR is enabled,
 the scrolling region is scrolled up one line.
 .bP
 If \fBscrollok\fR is not enabled,
 writing a character at the lower right margin succeeds.
 However, an error is returned because
 it is not possible to wrap to a new line
 .PP
 If \fIch\fR is a tab, newline, carriage return or backspace,
 the cursor is moved appropriately within the window:
 .bP
 Backspace moves the cursor one character left; at the left
 edge of a window it does nothing.
 .bP
 Carriage return moves the cursor to the window left margin on the current line.
 .bP
 Newline does a \fBclrtoeol\fR,
 then moves the cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
 scrolling the window if on the last line.
 .bP
 Tabs are considered to be at every eighth column.
 The tab interval may be altered by setting the \fBTABSIZE\fR variable.
 .PP
 If \fIch\fR is any other control character, it
 is drawn in \fB^\fR\fIX\fR notation.  Calling \fBwinch\fR after adding a
 control character does not return the character itself, but instead returns
 the ^-representation of the control character.
 .PP
 Video attributes can be combined with a character argument passed to
 \fBaddch\fR or related functions by logical-ORing them into the character.
 (Thus, text, including attributes, can be copied from one place to another
 using \fBinch\fR and \fBaddch\fR.)  See the \fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) page for
 values of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
 into characters.
 .SS Echoing characters
 .PP
 The \fBechochar\fR and \fBwechochar\fR routines are equivalent to a call to
 \fBaddch\fR followed by a call to \fBrefresh\fR, or a call to \fBwaddch\fR
 followed by a call to \fBwrefresh\fR.  The knowledge that only a single
 character is being output is used and, for non-control characters, a
 considerable performance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of
 their equivalents.
 .SS Line Graphics
 The following variables may be used to add line drawing characters to the
 screen with routines of the \fBaddch\fR family.  The default character listed
 below is used if the \fBacsc\fR capability does not define a terminal-specific
 replacement for it.
 The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
 .PP
 .TS
 l l l
 _ _ _
 l l l.
 \fIName\fR	\fIDefault\fR	\fIDescription\fR
 ACS_BLOCK	#	solid square block
 ACS_BOARD	#	board of squares
 ACS_BTEE	+	bottom tee
 ACS_BULLET	o	bullet
 ACS_CKBOARD	:	checker board (stipple)
 ACS_DARROW	v	arrow pointing down
 ACS_DEGREE	'	degree symbol
 ACS_DIAMOND	+	diamond
 ACS_GEQUAL	>	greater-than-or-equal-to
 ACS_HLINE	\-	horizontal line
 ACS_LANTERN	#	lantern symbol
 ACS_LARROW	<	arrow pointing left
 ACS_LEQUAL	<	less-than-or-equal-to
 ACS_LLCORNER	+	lower left-hand corner
 ACS_LRCORNER	+	lower right-hand corner
 ACS_LTEE	+	left tee
 ACS_NEQUAL	!	not-equal
 ACS_PI	*	greek pi
 ACS_PLMINUS	#	plus/minus
 ACS_PLUS	+	plus
 ACS_RARROW	>	arrow pointing right
 ACS_RTEE	+	right tee
 ACS_S1	\-	scan line 1
 ACS_S3	\-	scan line 3
 ACS_S7	\-	scan line 7
 ACS_S9	\&_	scan line 9
 ACS_STERLING	f	pound-sterling symbol
 ACS_TTEE	+	top tee
 ACS_UARROW	^	arrow pointing up
 ACS_ULCORNER	+	upper left-hand corner
 ACS_URCORNER	+	upper right-hand corner
 ACS_VLINE	|	vertical line
 .TE
 .SH RETURN VALUE
 All routines return the integer \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR on success
 (the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value other than \fBERR\fR") upon
 successful completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine
 descriptions.
 .PP
 Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
 \fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
 or if the window pointer is null.
 .SH NOTES
 Note that \fBaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR, \fBmvwaddch\fR, and
 \fBechochar\fR may be macros.
 .SH PORTABILITY
 All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
 The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale.
 .LP
 X/Open Curses states that the \fIACS_\fP definitions are \fBchar\fP constants.
 For the wide-character implementation (see \fBcurs_add_wch\fP),
 there are analogous \fIWACS_\fP definitions which are \fBcchar_t\fP constants.
 .LP
 Some ACS symbols
 (ACS_S3,
 ACS_S7,
 ACS_LEQUAL,
 ACS_GEQUAL,
 ACS_PI,
 ACS_NEQUAL,
 ACS_STERLING)
 were not documented in
 any publicly released System V.  However, many publicly available terminfos
 include \fBacsc\fR strings in which their key characters (pryz{|}) are
 embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come
 to light.  The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for \fBncurses\fR(3X).
 .LP
 The \fBTABSIZE\fR variable is implemented in some versions of curses,
 but is not part of X/Open curses.
 .LP
 If \fIch\fR is a carriage return,
 the cursor is moved to the beginning of the current row of the window.
 This is true of other implementations, but is not documented.
 .SH SEE ALSO
 \fBcurses\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_attr\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_clear\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_inch\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X),
 \fBcurs_variables\fR(3X),
 \fBputc\fR(3).
 .PP
 Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) library are
 described in
 \fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X).
	'\" t
	.\"***************************************************************************
	.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2014,2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
	.\" *
	.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
	.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
	.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
	.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
	.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
	.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
	.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
	.\" *
	.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
	.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
	.\" *
	.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
	.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
	.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
	.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
	.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
	.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
	.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
	.\" *
	.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
	.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
	.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
	.\" authorization. *
	.\"***************************************************************************
	.\"
	.\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.36 2015/07/16 09:14:44 tom Exp $
	.TH curs_addch 3X ""
	.de bP
	.IP \(bu 4
	..
	.SH NAME
	\fBaddch\fR,
	\fBwaddch\fR,
	\fBmvaddch\fR,
	\fBmvwaddch\fR,
	\fBechochar\fR,
	\fBwechochar\fR \- add a character (with attributes) to a \fBcurses\fR window, then advance the cursor
	.SH SYNOPSIS
	\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
	.PP
	\fBint addch(const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	\fBint waddch(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	\fBint mvaddch(int y, int x, const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	\fBint mvwaddch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	\fBint echochar(const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	\fBint wechochar(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);\fR
	.br
	.SH DESCRIPTION
	.SS Adding characters
	The \fBaddch\fR, \fBwaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR and \fBmvwaddch\fR routines put
	the character \fIch\fR into the given window at its current window position,
	which is then advanced. They are analogous to \fBputchar\fR in \fBstdio\fR(3).
	If the advance is at the right margin:
	.bP
	The cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
	.bP
	At the bottom of the current scrolling region,
	and if \fBscrollok\fR is enabled,
	the scrolling region is scrolled up one line.
	.bP
	If \fBscrollok\fR is not enabled,
	writing a character at the lower right margin succeeds.
	However, an error is returned because
	it is not possible to wrap to a new line
	.PP
	If \fIch\fR is a tab, newline, carriage return or backspace,
	the cursor is moved appropriately within the window:
	.bP
	Backspace moves the cursor one character left; at the left
	edge of a window it does nothing.
	.bP
	Carriage return moves the cursor to the window left margin on the current line.
	.bP
	Newline does a \fBclrtoeol\fR,
	then moves the cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
	scrolling the window if on the last line.
	.bP
	Tabs are considered to be at every eighth column.
	The tab interval may be altered by setting the \fBTABSIZE\fR variable.
	.PP
	If \fIch\fR is any other control character, it
	is drawn in \fB^\fR\fIX\fR notation. Calling \fBwinch\fR after adding a
	control character does not return the character itself, but instead returns
	the ^-representation of the control character.
	.PP
	Video attributes can be combined with a character argument passed to
	\fBaddch\fR or related functions by logical-ORing them into the character.
	(Thus, text, including attributes, can be copied from one place to another
	using \fBinch\fR and \fBaddch\fR.) See the \fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) page for
	values of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
	into characters.
	.SS Echoing characters
	.PP
	The \fBechochar\fR and \fBwechochar\fR routines are equivalent to a call to
	\fBaddch\fR followed by a call to \fBrefresh\fR, or a call to \fBwaddch\fR
	followed by a call to \fBwrefresh\fR. The knowledge that only a single
	character is being output is used and, for non-control characters, a
	considerable performance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of
	their equivalents.
	.SS Line Graphics
	The following variables may be used to add line drawing characters to the
	screen with routines of the \fBaddch\fR family. The default character listed
	below is used if the \fBacsc\fR capability does not define a terminal-specific
	replacement for it.
	The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
	.PP
	.TS
	l l l
	_ _ _
	l l l.
	\fIName\fR \fIDefault\fR \fIDescription\fR
	ACS_BLOCK # solid square block
	ACS_BOARD # board of squares
	ACS_BTEE + bottom tee
	ACS_BULLET o bullet
	ACS_CKBOARD : checker board (stipple)
	ACS_DARROW v arrow pointing down
	ACS_DEGREE ' degree symbol
	ACS_DIAMOND + diamond
	ACS_GEQUAL > greater-than-or-equal-to
	ACS_HLINE \- horizontal line
	ACS_LANTERN # lantern symbol
	ACS_LARROW < arrow pointing left
	ACS_LEQUAL < less-than-or-equal-to
	ACS_LLCORNER + lower left-hand corner
	ACS_LRCORNER + lower right-hand corner
	ACS_LTEE + left tee
	ACS_NEQUAL ! not-equal
	ACS_PI * greek pi
	ACS_PLMINUS # plus/minus
	ACS_PLUS + plus
	ACS_RARROW > arrow pointing right
	ACS_RTEE + right tee
	ACS_S1 \- scan line 1
	ACS_S3 \- scan line 3
	ACS_S7 \- scan line 7
	ACS_S9 \&_ scan line 9
	ACS_STERLING f pound-sterling symbol
	ACS_TTEE + top tee
	ACS_UARROW ^ arrow pointing up
	ACS_ULCORNER + upper left-hand corner
	ACS_URCORNER + upper right-hand corner
	ACS_VLINE \| vertical line
	.TE
	.SH RETURN VALUE
	All routines return the integer \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR on success
	(the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value other than \fBERR\fR") upon
	successful completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine
	descriptions.
	.PP
	Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
	\fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
	or if the window pointer is null.
	.SH NOTES
	Note that \fBaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR, \fBmvwaddch\fR, and
	\fBechochar\fR may be macros.
	.SH PORTABILITY
	All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
	The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale.
	.LP
	X/Open Curses states that the \fIACS_\fP definitions are \fBchar\fP constants.
	For the wide-character implementation (see \fBcurs_add_wch\fP),
	there are analogous \fIWACS_\fP definitions which are \fBcchar_t\fP constants.
	.LP
	Some ACS symbols
	(ACS_S3,
	ACS_S7,
	ACS_LEQUAL,
	ACS_GEQUAL,
	ACS_PI,
	ACS_NEQUAL,
	ACS_STERLING)
	were not documented in
	any publicly released System V. However, many publicly available terminfos
	include \fBacsc\fR strings in which their key characters (pryz{\|}) are
	embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come
	to light. The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for \fBncurses\fR(3X).
	.LP
	The \fBTABSIZE\fR variable is implemented in some versions of curses,
	but is not part of X/Open curses.
	.LP
	If \fIch\fR is a carriage return,
	the cursor is moved to the beginning of the current row of the window.
	This is true of other implementations, but is not documented.
	.SH SEE ALSO
	\fBcurses\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_inch\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X),
	\fBcurs_variables\fR(3X),
	\fBputc\fR(3).
	.PP
	Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) library are
	described in
	\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X).