build/mtd-utils/nftl_format.c - nest-cam/v366/mtd-utils - Git at Google

 /*
  * nftl_format.c: Creating a NFTL/INFTL partition on an MTD device
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  * (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  *
  * ToDo:
  *	1. UnitSizeFactor != 0xFF cases
  *	2. test, test, and test !!!
  */

 #define PROGRAM_NAME "nftl_format"

 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* for pread/pwrite */
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>

 #include <asm/types.h>
 #include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
 #include <mtd/nftl-user.h>
 #include <mtd/inftl-user.h>
 #include <mtd_swab.h>

 unsigned char BadUnitTable[MAX_ERASE_ZONES];
 unsigned char *readbuf;
 unsigned char *writebuf[4];

 mtd_info_t meminfo;
 erase_info_t erase;
 int fd;
 struct NFTLMediaHeader *NFTLhdr;
 struct INFTLMediaHeader *INFTLhdr;

 static int do_oobcheck = 1;
 static int do_rwecheck = 1;

 static unsigned char check_block_1(unsigned long block)
 {
 	unsigned char oobbuf[16];
 	struct mtd_oob_buf oob = { 0, 16, oobbuf };

 	oob.start = block * meminfo.erasesize;
 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMREADOOB, &oob))
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

 	if(oobbuf[5] == 0)
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

 	oob.start = block * meminfo.erasesize + 512 /* FIXME */;
 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMREADOOB, &oob))
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

 	if(oobbuf[5] == 0)
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

 	return ZONE_GOOD;
 }

 static unsigned char check_block_2(unsigned long block)
 {
 	unsigned long ofs = block * meminfo.erasesize;
 	unsigned long blockofs;

 	/* Erase test */
 	erase.start = ofs;

 	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
 		pread(fd, readbuf, 512, ofs + blockofs);
 		if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[0], 512)) {
 			/* Block wasn't 0xff after erase */
 			printf(": Block not 0xff after erase\n");
 			return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 		}

 		pwrite(fd, writebuf[1], 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[1], 512)) {
 			printf(": Block not zero after clearing\n");
 			return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 		}
 	}

 	/* Write test */
 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
 		printf(": Second erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 	}
 	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
 		pwrite(fd, writebuf[2], 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[2], 512)) {
 			printf(": Block not 0x5a after writing\n");
 			return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 		}
 	}

 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
 		printf(": Third erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 	}
 	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
 		pwrite(fd, writebuf[3], 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
 		if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[3], 512)) {
 			printf(": Block not 0xa5 after writing\n");
 			return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 		}
 	}
 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
 		printf(": Fourth erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 	}
 	return ZONE_GOOD;
 }

 static unsigned char erase_block(unsigned long block)
 {
 	unsigned char status;
 	int ret;

 	status = (do_oobcheck) ? check_block_1(block) : ZONE_GOOD;
 	erase.start = block * meminfo.erasesize;

 	if (status != ZONE_GOOD) {
 		printf("\rSkipping bad zone (factory marked) #%ld @ 0x%x\n", block, erase.start);
 		fflush(stdout);
 		return status;
 	}

 	printf("\r\t Erasing Zone #%ld @ 0x%x", block, erase.start);
 	fflush(stdout);

 	if ((ret=ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase)) != 0) {
 		printf(": Erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
 		return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 	}

 	if (do_rwecheck) {
 		printf("\r\tChecking Zone #%ld @ 0x%x", block, erase.start);
 		fflush(stdout);
 		status = check_block_2(block);
 		if (status != ZONE_GOOD) {
 			printf("\rSkipping bad zone (RWE test failed) #%ld @ 0x%x\n", block, erase.start);
 			fflush(stdout);
 		}
 	}
 	return status;
 }

 static int checkbbt(void)
 {
 	unsigned char bbt[512];
 	unsigned char bits;
 	int i, addr;

 	if (pread(fd, bbt, 512, 0x800) < 0) {
 		printf("%s: failed to read BBT, errno=%d\n", PROGRAM_NAME, errno);
 		return (-1);
 	}


 	for (i = 0; (i < 512); i++) {
 		addr = i / 4;
 		bits = 0x3 << ((i % 4) * 2);
 		if ((bbt[addr] & bits) == 0) {
 			BadUnitTable[i] = ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
 		}
 	}

 	return (0);
 }

 void usage(int rc)
 {
 	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-ib] <mtddevice> [<start offset> [<size>]]\n", PROGRAM_NAME);
 	exit(rc);
 }

 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned long startofs = 0, part_size = 0;
 	unsigned long ezones = 0, ezone = 0, bad_zones = 0;
 	unsigned char unit_factor = 0xFF;
 	long MediaUnit1 = -1, MediaUnit2 = -1;
 	long MediaUnitOff1 = 0, MediaUnitOff2 = 0;
 	unsigned char oobbuf[16];
 	struct mtd_oob_buf oob = {0, 16, oobbuf};
 	char *mtddevice;
 	const char *nftl;
 	int c, do_inftl = 0, do_bbt = 0;


 	printf("version 1.24 2005/11/07 11:15:13 gleixner\n");

 	if (argc < 2)
 		usage(1);

 	nftl = "NFTL";

 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "?hib")) > 0) {
 		switch (c) {
 			case 'i':
 				nftl = "INFTL";
 				do_inftl = 1;
 				break;
 			case 'b':
 				do_bbt = 1;
 				break;
 			case 'h':
 			case '?':
 				usage(0);
 				break;
 			default:
 				usage(1);
 				break;
 		}
 	}

 	mtddevice = argv[optind++];
 	if (argc > optind) {
 		startofs = strtoul(argv[optind++], NULL, 0);
 	}
 	if (argc > optind) {
 		part_size = strtoul(argv[optind++], NULL, 0);
 	}

 	// Open and size the device
 	if ((fd = open(mtddevice, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
 		perror("Open flash device");
 		return 1;
 	}

 	if (ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &meminfo) != 0) {
 		perror("ioctl(MEMGETINFO)");
 		close(fd);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	switch (meminfo.erasesize) {
 		case 0x1000:
 		case 0x2000:
 		case 0x4000:
 		case 0x8000:
 			break;
 		default:
 			printf("Unrecognized Erase size, 0x%x - I'm confused\n",
 					meminfo.erasesize);
 			close(fd);
 			return 1;
 	}
 	writebuf[0] = malloc(meminfo.erasesize * 5);
 	if (!writebuf[0]) {
 		printf("Malloc failed\n");
 		close(fd);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	writebuf[1] = writebuf[0] + meminfo.erasesize;
 	writebuf[2] = writebuf[1] + meminfo.erasesize;
 	writebuf[3] = writebuf[2] + meminfo.erasesize;
 	readbuf = writebuf[3] + meminfo.erasesize;
 	memset(writebuf[0], 0xff, meminfo.erasesize);
 	memset(writebuf[1], 0x00, meminfo.erasesize);
 	memset(writebuf[2], 0x5a, meminfo.erasesize);
 	memset(writebuf[3], 0xa5, meminfo.erasesize);
 	memset(BadUnitTable, ZONE_GOOD, MAX_ERASE_ZONES);

 	if (part_size == 0 || (part_size > meminfo.size - startofs))
 		/* the user doest not or incorrectly specify NFTL partition size */
 		part_size = meminfo.size - startofs;

 	erase.length = meminfo.erasesize;
 	ezones = part_size / meminfo.erasesize;

 	if (ezones > MAX_ERASE_ZONES) {
 		/* Ought to change the UnitSizeFactor. But later. */
 		part_size = meminfo.erasesize * MAX_ERASE_ZONES;
 		ezones = MAX_ERASE_ZONES;
 		unit_factor = 0xFF;
 	}

 	/* If using device BBT then parse that now */
 	if (do_bbt) {
 		checkbbt();
 		do_oobcheck = 0;
 		do_rwecheck = 0;
 	}

 	/* Phase 1. Erasing and checking each erase zones in the NFTL partition.
 	   N.B. Erase Zones not used by the NFTL partition are untouched and marked ZONE_GOOD */
 	printf("Phase 1. Checking and erasing Erase Zones from 0x%08lx to 0x%08lx\n",
 			startofs, startofs + part_size);
 	for (ezone = startofs / meminfo.erasesize;
 			ezone < (ezones + startofs / meminfo.erasesize); ezone++) {
 		if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD)
 			continue;
 		if ((BadUnitTable[ezone] = erase_block(ezone)) == ZONE_GOOD) {
 			if (MediaUnit1 == -1) {
 				MediaUnit1 = ezone;
 			} else if (MediaUnit2 == -1) {
 				MediaUnit2 = ezone;
 			}
 		} else {
 			bad_zones++;
 		}
 	}
 	printf("\n");

 	/* N.B. from dump of M-System original chips, NumEraseUnits counts the 2 Erase Unit used
 	   by MediaHeader and the FirstPhysicalEUN starts from the MediaHeader */
 	if (do_inftl) {
 		unsigned long maxzones, pezstart, pezend, numvunits;

 		INFTLhdr = (struct INFTLMediaHeader *) (writebuf[0]);
 		strcpy(INFTLhdr->bootRecordID, "BNAND");
 		INFTLhdr->NoOfBootImageBlocks = cpu_to_le32(0);
 		INFTLhdr->NoOfBinaryPartitions = cpu_to_le32(0);
 		INFTLhdr->NoOfBDTLPartitions = cpu_to_le32(1);
 		INFTLhdr->BlockMultiplierBits = cpu_to_le32(0);
 		INFTLhdr->FormatFlags = cpu_to_le32(0);
 		INFTLhdr->OsakVersion = cpu_to_le32(OSAK_VERSION);
 		INFTLhdr->PercentUsed = cpu_to_le32(PERCENTUSED);
 		/*
 		 * Calculate number of virtual units we will have to work
 		 * with. I am calculating out the known bad units here, not
 		 * sure if that is what M-Systems do...
 		 */
 		MediaUnit2 = MediaUnit1;
 		MediaUnitOff2 = 4096;
 		maxzones = meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize;
 		pezstart = startofs / meminfo.erasesize + 1;
 		pezend = startofs / meminfo.erasesize + ezones - 1;
 		numvunits = (ezones - 2) * PERCENTUSED / 100;
 		for (ezone = pezstart; ezone < maxzones; ezone++) {
 			if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD) {
 				if (numvunits > 1)
 					numvunits--;
 			}
 		}

 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].virtualUnits = cpu_to_le32(numvunits);
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].firstUnit = cpu_to_le32(pezstart);
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].lastUnit = cpu_to_le32(pezend);
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].flags = cpu_to_le32(INFTL_BDTL);
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].spareUnits = cpu_to_le32(0);
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].Reserved0 = INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].firstUnit;
 		INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].Reserved1 = cpu_to_le32(0);

 	} else {

 		NFTLhdr = (struct NFTLMediaHeader *) (writebuf[0]);
 		strcpy(NFTLhdr->DataOrgID, "ANAND");
 		NFTLhdr->NumEraseUnits = cpu_to_le16(part_size / meminfo.erasesize);
 		NFTLhdr->FirstPhysicalEUN = cpu_to_le16(MediaUnit1);
 		/* N.B. we reserve 2 more Erase Units for "folding" of Virtual Unit Chain */
 		NFTLhdr->FormattedSize = cpu_to_le32(part_size - ( (5+bad_zones) * meminfo.erasesize));
 		NFTLhdr->UnitSizeFactor = unit_factor;
 	}

 	/* Phase 2. Writing NFTL Media Headers and Bad Unit Table */
 	printf("Phase 2.a Writing %s Media Header and Bad Unit Table\n", nftl);
 	pwrite(fd, writebuf[0], 512, MediaUnit1 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff1);
 	for (ezone = 0; ezone < (meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize); ezone += 512) {
 		pwrite(fd, BadUnitTable + ezone, 512,
 				(MediaUnit1 * meminfo.erasesize) + 512 * (1 + ezone / 512));
 	}

 #if 0
 	printf("  MediaHeader contents:\n");
 	printf("    NumEraseUnits: %d\n", le16_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->NumEraseUnits));
 	printf("    FirstPhysicalEUN: %d\n", le16_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FirstPhysicalEUN));
 	printf("    FormattedSize: %d (%d sectors)\n", le32_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FormattedSize),
 			le32_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FormattedSize)/512);
 #endif
 	printf("Phase 2.b Writing Spare %s Media Header and Spare Bad Unit Table\n", nftl);
 	pwrite(fd, writebuf[0], 512, MediaUnit2 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff2);
 	for (ezone = 0; ezone < (meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize); ezone += 512) {
 		pwrite(fd, BadUnitTable + ezone, 512,
 				(MediaUnit2 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff2) + 512 * (1 + ezone / 512));
 	}

 	/* UCI #1 for newly erased Erase Unit */
 	memset(oobbuf, 0xff, 16);
 	oobbuf[11] = oobbuf[10] = oobbuf[9] = 0;
 	oobbuf[8]  = (do_inftl) ? 0x00 : 0x03;
 	oobbuf[12] = oobbuf[14] = 0x69;
 	oobbuf[13] = oobbuf[15] = 0x3c;

 	/* N.B. The Media Header and Bad Erase Unit Table are considered as Free Erase Unit
 	   by M-System i.e. their Virtual Unit Number == 0xFFFF in the Unit Control Information #0,
 	   but their Block Status is BLOCK_USED (0x5555) in their Block Control Information */
 	/* Phase 3. Writing Unit Control Information for each Erase Unit */
 	printf("Phase 3. Writing Unit Control Information to each Erase Unit\n");
 	for (ezone = MediaUnit1; ezone < (ezones + startofs / meminfo.erasesize); ezone++) {
 		/* write UCI #1 to each Erase Unit */
 		if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD)
 			continue;
 		oob.start = (ezone * meminfo.erasesize) + 512 + (do_inftl * 512);
 		if (ioctl(fd, MEMWRITEOOB, &oob))
 			printf("MEMWRITEOOB at %lx: %s\n", (unsigned long)oob.start, strerror(errno));
 	}

 	exit(0);
 }
	/*
	* nftl_format.c: Creating a NFTL/INFTL partition on an MTD device
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
	*
	* ToDo:
	* 1. UnitSizeFactor != 0xFF cases
	* 2. test, test, and test !!!
	*/

	#define PROGRAM_NAME "nftl_format"

	#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* for pread/pwrite */
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <sys/ioctl.h>
	#include <sys/mount.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <string.h>

	#include <asm/types.h>
	#include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
	#include <mtd/nftl-user.h>
	#include <mtd/inftl-user.h>
	#include <mtd_swab.h>

	unsigned char BadUnitTable[MAX_ERASE_ZONES];
	unsigned char *readbuf;
	unsigned char *writebuf[4];

	mtd_info_t meminfo;
	erase_info_t erase;
	int fd;
	struct NFTLMediaHeader *NFTLhdr;
	struct INFTLMediaHeader *INFTLhdr;

	static int do_oobcheck = 1;
	static int do_rwecheck = 1;

	static unsigned char check_block_1(unsigned long block)
	{
	unsigned char oobbuf[16];
	struct mtd_oob_buf oob = { 0, 16, oobbuf };

	oob.start = block * meminfo.erasesize;
	if (ioctl(fd, MEMREADOOB, &oob))
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

	if(oobbuf[5] == 0)
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

	oob.start = block * meminfo.erasesize + 512 /* FIXME */;
	if (ioctl(fd, MEMREADOOB, &oob))
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

	if(oobbuf[5] == 0)
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;

	return ZONE_GOOD;
	}

	static unsigned char check_block_2(unsigned long block)
	{
	unsigned long ofs = block * meminfo.erasesize;
	unsigned long blockofs;

	/* Erase test */
	erase.start = ofs;

	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
	pread(fd, readbuf, 512, ofs + blockofs);
	if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[0], 512)) {
	/* Block wasn't 0xff after erase */
	printf(": Block not 0xff after erase\n");
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}

	pwrite(fd, writebuf[1], 512, blockofs + ofs);
	pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
	if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[1], 512)) {
	printf(": Block not zero after clearing\n");
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	}

	/* Write test */
	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
	printf(": Second erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
	pwrite(fd, writebuf[2], 512, blockofs + ofs);
	pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
	if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[2], 512)) {
	printf(": Block not 0x5a after writing\n");
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
	printf(": Third erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	for (blockofs = 0; blockofs < meminfo.erasesize; blockofs += 512) {
	pwrite(fd, writebuf[3], 512, blockofs + ofs);
	pread(fd, readbuf, 512, blockofs + ofs);
	if (memcmp(readbuf, writebuf[3], 512)) {
	printf(": Block not 0xa5 after writing\n");
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	}
	if (ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase) != 0) {
	printf(": Fourth erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	return ZONE_GOOD;
	}

	static unsigned char erase_block(unsigned long block)
	{
	unsigned char status;
	int ret;

	status = (do_oobcheck) ? check_block_1(block) : ZONE_GOOD;
	erase.start = block * meminfo.erasesize;

	if (status != ZONE_GOOD) {
	printf("\rSkipping bad zone (factory marked) #%ld @ 0x%x\n", block, erase.start);
	fflush(stdout);
	return status;
	}

	printf("\r\t Erasing Zone #%ld @ 0x%x", block, erase.start);
	fflush(stdout);

	if ((ret=ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase)) != 0) {
	printf(": Erase failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
	return ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}

	if (do_rwecheck) {
	printf("\r\tChecking Zone #%ld @ 0x%x", block, erase.start);
	fflush(stdout);
	status = check_block_2(block);
	if (status != ZONE_GOOD) {
	printf("\rSkipping bad zone (RWE test failed) #%ld @ 0x%x\n", block, erase.start);
	fflush(stdout);
	}
	}
	return status;
	}

	static int checkbbt(void)
	{
	unsigned char bbt[512];
	unsigned char bits;
	int i, addr;

	if (pread(fd, bbt, 512, 0x800) < 0) {
	printf("%s: failed to read BBT, errno=%d\n", PROGRAM_NAME, errno);
	return (-1);
	}


	for (i = 0; (i < 512); i++) {
	addr = i / 4;
	bits = 0x3 << ((i % 4) * 2);
	if ((bbt[addr] & bits) == 0) {
	BadUnitTable[i] = ZONE_BAD_ORIGINAL;
	}
	}

	return (0);
	}

	void usage(int rc)
	{
	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-ib] <mtddevice> [<start offset> [<size>]]\n", PROGRAM_NAME);
	exit(rc);
	}

	int main(int argc, char **argv)
	{
	unsigned long startofs = 0, part_size = 0;
	unsigned long ezones = 0, ezone = 0, bad_zones = 0;
	unsigned char unit_factor = 0xFF;
	long MediaUnit1 = -1, MediaUnit2 = -1;
	long MediaUnitOff1 = 0, MediaUnitOff2 = 0;
	unsigned char oobbuf[16];
	struct mtd_oob_buf oob = {0, 16, oobbuf};
	char *mtddevice;
	const char *nftl;
	int c, do_inftl = 0, do_bbt = 0;


	printf("version 1.24 2005/11/07 11:15:13 gleixner\n");

	if (argc < 2)
	usage(1);

	nftl = "NFTL";

	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "?hib")) > 0) {
	switch (c) {
	case 'i':
	nftl = "INFTL";
	do_inftl = 1;
	break;
	case 'b':
	do_bbt = 1;
	break;
	case 'h':
	case '?':
	usage(0);
	break;
	default:
	usage(1);
	break;
	}
	}

	mtddevice = argv[optind++];
	if (argc > optind) {
	startofs = strtoul(argv[optind++], NULL, 0);
	}
	if (argc > optind) {
	part_size = strtoul(argv[optind++], NULL, 0);
	}

	// Open and size the device
	if ((fd = open(mtddevice, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
	perror("Open flash device");
	return 1;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &meminfo) != 0) {
	perror("ioctl(MEMGETINFO)");
	close(fd);
	return 1;
	}

	switch (meminfo.erasesize) {
	case 0x1000:
	case 0x2000:
	case 0x4000:
	case 0x8000:
	break;
	default:
	printf("Unrecognized Erase size, 0x%x - I'm confused\n",
	meminfo.erasesize);
	close(fd);
	return 1;
	}
	writebuf[0] = malloc(meminfo.erasesize * 5);
	if (!writebuf[0]) {
	printf("Malloc failed\n");
	close(fd);
	return 1;
	}
	writebuf[1] = writebuf[0] + meminfo.erasesize;
	writebuf[2] = writebuf[1] + meminfo.erasesize;
	writebuf[3] = writebuf[2] + meminfo.erasesize;
	readbuf = writebuf[3] + meminfo.erasesize;
	memset(writebuf[0], 0xff, meminfo.erasesize);
	memset(writebuf[1], 0x00, meminfo.erasesize);
	memset(writebuf[2], 0x5a, meminfo.erasesize);
	memset(writebuf[3], 0xa5, meminfo.erasesize);
	memset(BadUnitTable, ZONE_GOOD, MAX_ERASE_ZONES);

	if (part_size == 0 \|\| (part_size > meminfo.size - startofs))
	/* the user doest not or incorrectly specify NFTL partition size */
	part_size = meminfo.size - startofs;

	erase.length = meminfo.erasesize;
	ezones = part_size / meminfo.erasesize;

	if (ezones > MAX_ERASE_ZONES) {
	/* Ought to change the UnitSizeFactor. But later. */
	part_size = meminfo.erasesize * MAX_ERASE_ZONES;
	ezones = MAX_ERASE_ZONES;
	unit_factor = 0xFF;
	}

	/* If using device BBT then parse that now */
	if (do_bbt) {
	checkbbt();
	do_oobcheck = 0;
	do_rwecheck = 0;
	}

	/* Phase 1. Erasing and checking each erase zones in the NFTL partition.
	N.B. Erase Zones not used by the NFTL partition are untouched and marked ZONE_GOOD */
	printf("Phase 1. Checking and erasing Erase Zones from 0x%08lx to 0x%08lx\n",
	startofs, startofs + part_size);
	for (ezone = startofs / meminfo.erasesize;
	ezone < (ezones + startofs / meminfo.erasesize); ezone++) {
	if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD)
	continue;
	if ((BadUnitTable[ezone] = erase_block(ezone)) == ZONE_GOOD) {
	if (MediaUnit1 == -1) {
	MediaUnit1 = ezone;
	} else if (MediaUnit2 == -1) {
	MediaUnit2 = ezone;
	}
	} else {
	bad_zones++;
	}
	}
	printf("\n");

	/* N.B. from dump of M-System original chips, NumEraseUnits counts the 2 Erase Unit used
	by MediaHeader and the FirstPhysicalEUN starts from the MediaHeader */
	if (do_inftl) {
	unsigned long maxzones, pezstart, pezend, numvunits;

	INFTLhdr = (struct INFTLMediaHeader *) (writebuf[0]);
	strcpy(INFTLhdr->bootRecordID, "BNAND");
	INFTLhdr->NoOfBootImageBlocks = cpu_to_le32(0);
	INFTLhdr->NoOfBinaryPartitions = cpu_to_le32(0);
	INFTLhdr->NoOfBDTLPartitions = cpu_to_le32(1);
	INFTLhdr->BlockMultiplierBits = cpu_to_le32(0);
	INFTLhdr->FormatFlags = cpu_to_le32(0);
	INFTLhdr->OsakVersion = cpu_to_le32(OSAK_VERSION);
	INFTLhdr->PercentUsed = cpu_to_le32(PERCENTUSED);
	/*
	* Calculate number of virtual units we will have to work
	* with. I am calculating out the known bad units here, not
	* sure if that is what M-Systems do...
	*/
	MediaUnit2 = MediaUnit1;
	MediaUnitOff2 = 4096;
	maxzones = meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize;
	pezstart = startofs / meminfo.erasesize + 1;
	pezend = startofs / meminfo.erasesize + ezones - 1;
	numvunits = (ezones - 2) * PERCENTUSED / 100;
	for (ezone = pezstart; ezone < maxzones; ezone++) {
	if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD) {
	if (numvunits > 1)
	numvunits--;
	}
	}

	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].virtualUnits = cpu_to_le32(numvunits);
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].firstUnit = cpu_to_le32(pezstart);
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].lastUnit = cpu_to_le32(pezend);
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].flags = cpu_to_le32(INFTL_BDTL);
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].spareUnits = cpu_to_le32(0);
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].Reserved0 = INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].firstUnit;
	INFTLhdr->Partitions[0].Reserved1 = cpu_to_le32(0);

	} else {

	NFTLhdr = (struct NFTLMediaHeader *) (writebuf[0]);
	strcpy(NFTLhdr->DataOrgID, "ANAND");
	NFTLhdr->NumEraseUnits = cpu_to_le16(part_size / meminfo.erasesize);
	NFTLhdr->FirstPhysicalEUN = cpu_to_le16(MediaUnit1);
	/* N.B. we reserve 2 more Erase Units for "folding" of Virtual Unit Chain */
	NFTLhdr->FormattedSize = cpu_to_le32(part_size - ( (5+bad_zones) * meminfo.erasesize));
	NFTLhdr->UnitSizeFactor = unit_factor;
	}

	/* Phase 2. Writing NFTL Media Headers and Bad Unit Table */
	printf("Phase 2.a Writing %s Media Header and Bad Unit Table\n", nftl);
	pwrite(fd, writebuf[0], 512, MediaUnit1 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff1);
	for (ezone = 0; ezone < (meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize); ezone += 512) {
	pwrite(fd, BadUnitTable + ezone, 512,
	(MediaUnit1 * meminfo.erasesize) + 512 * (1 + ezone / 512));
	}

	#if 0
	printf(" MediaHeader contents:\n");
	printf(" NumEraseUnits: %d\n", le16_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->NumEraseUnits));
	printf(" FirstPhysicalEUN: %d\n", le16_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FirstPhysicalEUN));
	printf(" FormattedSize: %d (%d sectors)\n", le32_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FormattedSize),
	le32_to_cpu(NFTLhdr->FormattedSize)/512);
	#endif
	printf("Phase 2.b Writing Spare %s Media Header and Spare Bad Unit Table\n", nftl);
	pwrite(fd, writebuf[0], 512, MediaUnit2 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff2);
	for (ezone = 0; ezone < (meminfo.size / meminfo.erasesize); ezone += 512) {
	pwrite(fd, BadUnitTable + ezone, 512,
	(MediaUnit2 * meminfo.erasesize + MediaUnitOff2) + 512 * (1 + ezone / 512));
	}

	/* UCI #1 for newly erased Erase Unit */
	memset(oobbuf, 0xff, 16);
	oobbuf[11] = oobbuf[10] = oobbuf[9] = 0;
	oobbuf[8] = (do_inftl) ? 0x00 : 0x03;
	oobbuf[12] = oobbuf[14] = 0x69;
	oobbuf[13] = oobbuf[15] = 0x3c;

	/* N.B. The Media Header and Bad Erase Unit Table are considered as Free Erase Unit
	by M-System i.e. their Virtual Unit Number == 0xFFFF in the Unit Control Information #0,
	but their Block Status is BLOCK_USED (0x5555) in their Block Control Information */
	/* Phase 3. Writing Unit Control Information for each Erase Unit */
	printf("Phase 3. Writing Unit Control Information to each Erase Unit\n");
	for (ezone = MediaUnit1; ezone < (ezones + startofs / meminfo.erasesize); ezone++) {
	/* write UCI #1 to each Erase Unit */
	if (BadUnitTable[ezone] != ZONE_GOOD)
	continue;
	oob.start = (ezone * meminfo.erasesize) + 512 + (do_inftl * 512);
	if (ioctl(fd, MEMWRITEOOB, &oob))
	printf("MEMWRITEOOB at %lx: %s\n", (unsigned long)oob.start, strerror(errno));
	}

	exit(0);
	}