<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<!-- 
  ****************************************************************************
  * Copyright (c) 1998-2004,2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
  *                                                                          *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *
  * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including      *
  * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,      *
  * distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell       *
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is    *
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:                 *
  *                                                                          *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included  *
  * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.                   *
  *                                                                          *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS  *
  * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF               *
  * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.   *
  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,   *
  * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR    *
  * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR    *
  * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                               *
  *                                                                          *
  * Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright   *
  * holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the     *
  * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written       *
  * authorization.                                                           *
  ****************************************************************************
  * @Id: curs_pad.3x,v 1.14 2005/05/15 16:18:43 tom Exp @
-->
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>curs_pad 3x</TITLE>
<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>curs_pad 3x</H1>
<HR>
<PRE>
<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>                                               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>subpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG> - create and display <STRONG>curses</STRONG> pads


</PRE>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

       <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newpad(int</STRONG> <STRONG>nlines,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>ncols);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subpad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*orig,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nlines,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>ncols,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>begin_y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>begin_x);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>prefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*pad,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pminrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pmincol,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>sminrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smincol,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smaxrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smaxcol);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pnoutrefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*pad,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pminrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pmincol,</STRONG>
             <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>sminrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smincol,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smaxrow,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>smaxcol);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*pad,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pecho_wchar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*pad,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*wch);</STRONG>


</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
       The <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a  new
       pad data structure with the given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>,
       and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>.  A pad is like a window,  except  that
       it is not restricted by the screen size, and is not neces-
       sarily associated with a particular part  of  the  screen.
       Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a
       part of the window will be on the screen at one time.  Au-
       tomatic refreshes of pads (e.g., from scrolling or echoing
       of input) do not occur.  It is not legal to call  <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>
       with  a  <EM>pad</EM>  as  an  argument;  the  routines <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> or
       <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> should be called instead.   Note  that  these
       routines require additional parameters to specify the part
       of the pad to be displayed and the location on the  screen
       to be used for the display.

       The <STRONG>subpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a sub-
       window within a  pad  with  the  given  number  of  lines,
       <EM>nlines</EM>,  and  columns,  <EM>ncols</EM>.   Unlike <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, which uses
       screen coordinates, the window is  at  position  (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
       <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>)  on the pad.  The window is made in the middle of
       the window <EM>orig</EM>, so that changes made to one window affect
       both windows.  During the use of this routine, it will of-
       ten be necessary to call <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> be-
       fore calling <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.

       The  <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> routines are analogous to
       <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> except that they relate to  pads
       instead  of windows.  The additional parameters are needed
       to indicate what part of the pad and screen are  involved.
       <EM>pminrow</EM>  and <EM>pmincol</EM> specify the upper left-hand corner of
       the rectangle to be displayed in the pad.  <EM>sminrow</EM>,  <EM>smin-</EM>
       <EM>col</EM>, <EM>smaxrow</EM>, and <EM>smaxcol</EM> specify the edges of the rectan-
       gle to be displayed on the screen.  The  lower  right-hand
       corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad is cal-
       culated from the screen coordinates, since the  rectangles
       must  be  the same size.  Both rectangles must be entirely
       contained within their  respective  structures.   Negative
       values of <EM>pminrow</EM>, <EM>pmincol</EM>, <EM>sminrow</EM>, or <EM>smincol</EM> are treat-
       ed as if they were zero.

       The <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> routine is functionally equivalent to a call
       to  <STRONG>addch</STRONG>  followed by a call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, a call to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
       followed by a call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, or a call to  <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>  fol-
       lowed  by  a  call to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.  The knowledge that only a
       single character is being output is taken into  considera-
       tion  and, for non-control characters, a considerable per-
       formance gain might be seen by using  these  routines  in-
       stead of their equivalents.  In the case of <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>, the
       last location of the pad on the screen is reused  for  the
       arguments to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.

       The  <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG>  function is the analogous wide-character
       form of <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>.  It outputs one character to a pad  and
       immediately  refreshes the pad.  It does this by a call to
       <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.


</PRE>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
       Routines that return an integer return  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  upon  failure
       and  <STRONG>OK</STRONG>  (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than
       <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.

       Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>  on  error,  and
       set <STRONG>errno</STRONG> to <STRONG>ENOMEM</STRONG>.

       X/Open  does not define any error conditions.  In this im-
       plementation

              <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>
                   return an error if the window pointer is null,
                   or if the window is not really a pad or if the
                   area to refresh extends off-screen or  if  the
                   minimum coordinates are greater than the maxi-
                   mum.

              <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>
                   returns an error if the window is not really a
                   pad,  and the associated call to <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> re-
                   turns an error.

              <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG>
                   returns an error if the window is not really a
                   pad,  and  the  associated call to <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG>
                   returns an error.


</PRE>
<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
       Note that <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> may be a macro.


</PRE>
<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
       The XSI Curses standard, Issue  4  describes  these  func-
       tions.


</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG>curs_add-</STRONG>
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">ch(3x)</A></STRONG>.


                                                           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<HR>
<ADDRESS>
Man(1) output converted with
<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
</HTML>