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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="heap.data_structures"></a><a class="link" href="data_structures.html" title="Data Structures">Data Structures</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="data_structures.html#heap.data_structures.data_structure_configuration">Data
Structure Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></div>
<p>
<code class="literal">boost.heap</code> provides the following data structures:
</p>
<div class="variablelist">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/priority_queue.html" title="Class template priority_queue">boost::heap::priority_queue</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/priority_queue.html" title="Class template priority_queue">priority_queue</a></code>
class is a wrapper to the stl heap functions. It implements a heap as
container adaptor ontop of a <code class="literal">std::vector</code> and is immutable.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/d_ary_heap.html" title="Class template d_ary_heap">boost::heap::d_ary_heap</a></code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-ary_heap" target="_top">D-ary heaps</a>
are a generalization of binary heap with each non-leaf node having N
children. For a low arity, the height of the heap is larger, but the
number of comparisons to find the largest child node is bigger. D-ary
heaps are implemented as container adaptors based on a <code class="literal">std::vector</code>.
</p>
<p>
The data structure can be configured as mutable. This is achieved by
storing the values inside a std::list.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/binomial_heap.html" title="Class template binomial_heap">boost::heap::binomial_heap</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_heap" target="_top">Binomial heaps</a>
are node-base heaps, that are implemented as a set of binomial trees
of piecewise different order. The most important heap operations have
a worst-case complexity of O(log n). In contrast to d-ary heaps, binomial
heaps can also be merged in O(log n).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/fibonacci_heap.html" title="Class template fibonacci_heap">boost::heap::fibonacci_heap</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_heap" target="_top">Fibonacci heaps</a>
are node-base heaps, that are implemented as a forest of heap-ordered
trees. They provide better amortized performance than binomial heaps.
Except <code class="literal">pop()</code> and <code class="literal">erase()</code>, the most
important heap operations have constant amortized complexity.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/pairing_heap.html" title="Class template pairing_heap">boost::heap::pairing_heap</a></code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairing_heap" target="_top">Pairing heaps</a>
are self-adjusting node-based heaps. Although design and implementation
are rather simple, the complexity analysis is yet unsolved. For details,
consult:
</p>
<p>
Pettie, Seth (2005), "Towards a final analysis of pairing heaps",
Proc. 46th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science,
pp. 174&#8211;183
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/skew_heap.html" title="Class template skew_heap">boost::heap::skew_heap</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew_heap" target="_top">Skew heaps</a>
are self-adjusting node-based heaps. Although there are no constraints
for the tree structure, all heap operations can be performed in O(log
n).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="table">
<a name="heap.data_structures.t0"></a><p class="title"><b>Table&#160;13.1.&#160;Comparison of amortized complexity</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Comparison of amortized complexity">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">top()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">push()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">pop()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">update()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">increase()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">decrease()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">erase()</code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
<code class="literal">merge_and_clear()</code>
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/priority_queue.html" title="Class template priority_queue">boost::heap::priority_queue</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
n/a
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
n/a
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
n/a
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
n/a
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O((N+M)*log(N+M))
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/d_ary_heap.html" title="Class template d_ary_heap">boost::heap::d_ary_heap</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O((N+M)*log(N+M))
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/binomial_heap.html" title="Class template binomial_heap">boost::heap::binomial_heap</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N+M))
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/fibonacci_heap.html" title="Class template fibonacci_heap">boost::heap::fibonacci_heap</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(1)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N)) <a href="#ftn.heap.data_structures.f0" class="footnote" name="heap.data_structures.f0"><sup class="footnote">[a]</sup></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(1)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(1)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/pairing_heap.html" title="Class template pairing_heap">boost::heap::pairing_heap</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(2**2*log(log(N)))
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/skew_heap.html" title="Class template skew_heap">boost::heap::skew_heap</a></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="literal">O(1)</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N))
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
O(log(N+M))
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody class="footnotes"><tr><td colspan="9"><div id="ftn.heap.data_structures.f0" class="footnote"><p><a href="#heap.data_structures.f0" class="para"><sup class="para">[a] </sup></a>
The fibonacci a <code class="literal">update_lazy()</code> method, which
has O(log(N)) amortized complexity as well, but does not try to
consolidate the internal forest
</p></div></td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="heap.data_structures.data_structure_configuration"></a><a class="link" href="data_structures.html#heap.data_structures.data_structure_configuration" title="Data Structure Configuration">Data
Structure Configuration</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The data structures can be configured with <a href="../../../libs/parameter/doc/html/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Parameter</a>-style
templates.
</p>
<div class="variablelist">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/compare.html" title="Struct template compare">boost::heap::compare</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Predicate for defining the heap order, optional (defaults to <code class="literal">boost::heap::compare&lt;std::less&lt;T&gt;
&gt;</code>)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/allocator.html" title="Struct template allocator">boost::heap::allocator</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Allocator for internal memory management, optional (defaults to <code class="literal">boost::heap::allocator&lt;std::allocator&lt;T&gt;
&gt;</code>)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/stable.html" title="Struct template stable">boost::heap::stable</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Configures the heap to use a <a class="link" href="concepts.html#heap.concepts.stability" title="Stability">stable
heap order</a>, optional (defaults to <code class="literal">boost::heap::stable&lt;false&gt;</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/mutable_.html" title="Struct template mutable_">boost::heap::mutable_</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Configures the heap to be mutable. <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/d_ary_heap.html" title="Class template d_ary_heap">boost::heap::d_ary_heap</a></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/skew_heap.html" title="Class template skew_heap">boost::heap::skew_heap</a></code>
have to be configured with this policy to enable the <a class="link" href="concepts.html#heap.concepts.mutability" title="Mutability">mutability
interface</a>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/stability_counter_type.html" title="Struct template stability_counter_type">boost::heap::stability_counter_type</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Configures the integer type used for the stability counter, optional
(defaults to <code class="literal">boost::heap::stability_counter_type&lt;boost::uintmax_t&gt;</code>).
For more details, consult the <a class="link" href="concepts.html#heap.concepts.stability" title="Stability">Stability</a>
section.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/constant_time_size.html" title="Struct template constant_time_size">boost::heap::constant_time_size</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies, whether <code class="literal">size()</code> should have linear or
constant complexity. This argument is only available for node-based
heap data structures and if available, it is optional (defaults to
<code class="literal">boost::heap::constant_time_size&lt;true&gt;</code>)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/arity.html" title="Struct template arity">boost::heap::arity</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the arity of a d-ary heap. For details, please consult the
class reference of <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/d_ary_heap.html" title="Class template d_ary_heap">boost::heap::d_ary_heap</a></code>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/store_parent_pointer.html" title="Struct template store_parent_pointer">boost::heap::store_parent_pointer</a></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Store the parent pointer in the heap nodes. This policy is only available
in the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/heap/skew_heap.html" title="Class template skew_heap">boost::heap::skew_heap</a></code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2010, 2011 Tim Blechmann<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
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