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| <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Author:</th> |
| <td><a class="first reference external" href="mailto:mikhailberis@gmail.com">Dean Michael Berris</a></td></tr> |
| <tr class="field"><th class="docinfo-name">License:</th><td class="field-body">Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0 |
| (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a class="reference external" href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</td> |
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| <div class="section" id="function-input-iterator"> |
| <h1>Function Input Iterator</h1> |
| <p>The Function Input Iterator allows for creating iterators that encapsulate |
| a nullary function object and a state object which tracks the number of times |
| the iterator has been incremented. A Function Input Iterator models the |
| <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">InputIterator</a> concept and is useful for creating bounded input iterators.</p> |
| <p>Like the Generator Iterator, the Function Input Iterator takes a function |
| that models the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Generator.html">Generator</a> concept (which is basically a nullary or 0-arity |
| function object). Each increment of the function Function Input Iterator |
| invokes the generator function and stores the value in the iterator. When |
| the iterator is dereferenced the stored value is returned.</p> |
| <p>The Function Input Iterator encapsulates a state object which models the |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#incrementable-concept">Incrementable Concept</a> and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/EqualityComparable.html">EqualityComparable</a> Concept. These concepts are |
| described below as:</p> |
| <div class="section" id="incrementable-concept"> |
| <h2>Incrementable Concept</h2> |
| <p>A type models the Incrementable Concept when it supports the pre- and post- |
| increment operators. For a given object <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">i</span></tt> with type <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">I</span></tt>, the following |
| constructs should be valid:</p> |
| <table border="1" class="docutils"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col width="24%" /> |
| <col width="46%" /> |
| <col width="30%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <tbody valign="top"> |
| <tr><td colspan="3">Construct Description Return Type</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr><td>i++</td> |
| <td>Post-increment i.</td> |
| <td>I</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr><td>++i</td> |
| <td>Pre-increment i.</td> |
| <td>I&</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>NOTE: An Incrementable type should also be <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">DefaultConstructible</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="synopsis"> |
| <h2>Synopsis</h2> |
| <pre class="literal-block"> |
| namespace { |
| template <class Function, class State> |
| class function_input_iterator; |
| |
| template <class Function, class State> |
| typename function_input_iterator<Function, State> |
| make_function_input_iterator(Function & f); |
| |
| struct infinite; |
| } |
| </pre> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="function-input-iterator-class"> |
| <h2>Function Input Iterator Class</h2> |
| <p>The class Function Input Iterator class takes two template parameters |
| <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Function</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">State</span></tt>. These two template parameters tell the |
| Function Input Iterator the type of the function to encapsulate and |
| the type of the internal state value to hold.</p> |
| <p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">State</span></tt> parameter is important in cases where you want to |
| control the type of the counter which determines whether two iterators |
| are at the same state. This allows for creating a pair of iterators which |
| bound the range of the invocations of the encapsulated functions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="examples"> |
| <h2>Examples</h2> |
| <p>The following example shows how we use the function input iterator class |
| in cases where we want to create bounded (lazy) generated ranges.</p> |
| <pre class="literal-block"> |
| struct generator { |
| typedef int result_type; |
| generator() { srand(time(0)); } |
| result_type operator() () const { |
| return rand(); |
| } |
| }; |
| |
| int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { |
| generator f; |
| copy( |
| make_function_input_iterator(f, 0), |
| make_function_input_iterator(f, 10), |
| ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " ") |
| ); |
| return 0; |
| } |
| </pre> |
| <p>Here we can see that we've bounded the number of invocations using an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></tt> |
| that counts from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">10</span></tt>. Say we want to create an endless stream |
| of random numbers and encapsulate that in a pair of integers, we can do |
| it with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost::infinite</span></tt> helper class.</p> |
| <pre class="literal-block"> |
| copy( |
| make_function_input_iterator(f,infinite()), |
| make_function_input_iterator(f,infinite()), |
| ostream_iterator<int>(count, " ") |
| ); |
| </pre> |
| <p>Above, instead of creating a huge vector we rely on the STL copy algorithm |
| to traverse the function input iterator and call the function object f |
| as it increments the iterator. The special property of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost::infinite</span></tt> |
| is that equating two instances always yield false -- and that incrementing |
| an instance of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost::infinite</span></tt> doesn't do anything. This is an efficient |
| way of stating that the iterator range provided by two iterators with an |
| encapsulated infinite state will definitely be infinite.</p> |
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