| // |
| // Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Artyom Beilis (Tonkikh) |
| // |
| // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See |
| // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at |
| // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) |
| // |
| |
| // vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 filetype=cpp.doxygen |
| /*! |
| \page localized_text_formatting Localized Text Formatting |
| |
| The \c iostream manipulators are very useful, but when we create a messages for the user, sometimes we need something |
| like good old \c printf or \c boost::format. |
| |
| Unfortunately \c boost::format has several limitations in context of localization: |
| |
| -# It renders all parameters using global locale rather than target \c ostream locale. For example: |
| \n |
| \code |
| std::locale::global(std::locale("en_US.UTF-8")); |
| output.imbue(std::locale("de_DE.UTF-8")) |
| output << boost::format("%1%") % 1234.345; |
| \endcode |
| \n |
| This would write "1,234.235" to output, instead of the "1.234,234" that is expected for "de_DE" locale |
| -# It knows nothing about the new Boost.Locale manipulators. |
| -# The \c printf-like syntax is very limited for formatting complex localized data, not allowing |
| the formatting of dates, times, or currencies |
| |
| Thus a new class, boost::locale::format, was introduced. For example: |
| |
| \code |
| wcout << wformat(L"Today {1,date} I would meet {2} at home") % time(0) % name <<endl; |
| \endcode |
| |
| Each format specifier is enclosed within \c {} brackets, is separated with a comma "," and |
| may have an additional option after an equals symbol '='. This option may be simple ASCII text or single-quoted localized text. |
| If a single-quote should be inserted within the text, it may be represented with a pair of single-quote characters. |
| |
| Here is an example of a format string: |
| |
| \verbatim |
| "Ms. {1} had arrived at {2,ftime='%I o''clock'} at home. The exact time is {2,time=full}" |
| \endverbatim |
| |
| The syntax is described by following grammar: |
| |
| \verbatim |
| format : '{' parameters '}' |
| parameters: parameter | parameter ',' parameters; |
| parameter : key ["=" value] ; |
| key : [0-9a-zA-Z<>]+ ; |
| value : ascii-string-excluding-"}"-and="," | local-string ; |
| local-string : quoted-text | quoted-text local-string; |
| quoted-text : '[^']*' ; |
| \endverbatim |
| |
| |
| You can include literal '{' and '}' by inserting double "{{" or "}}" |
| to the text. |
| |
| \code |
| cout << format(translate("Unexpected `{{' in line {1} in file {2}")) % pos % file; |
| \endcode |
| |
| Would display something like |
| |
| \verbatim |
| Unexpected `{' in line 5 in file source.cpp |
| \endverbatim |
| |
| The following format key-value pairs are supported: |
| |
| - <tt>[0-9]+</tt> -- digits, the index of the formatted parameter -- required. |
| - \c num or \c number -- format a number. Options are: |
| \n |
| - \c hex -- display in hexadecimal format |
| - \c oct -- display in octal format |
| - \c sci or \c scientific -- display in scientific format |
| - \c fix or \c fixed -- display in fixed format |
| \n |
| For example, \c number=sci |
| - \c cur or \c currency -- format currency. Options are: |
| \n |
| - \c iso -- display using ISO currency symbol. |
| - \c nat or \c national -- display using national currency symbol. |
| \n |
| - \c per or \c percent -- format a percentage value. |
| - \c date, \c time, \c datetime or \c dt -- format a date, a time, or a date and time. Options are: |
| \n |
| - \c s or \c short -- display in short format. |
| - \c m or \c medium -- display in medium format. |
| - \c l or \c long -- display in long format. |
| - \c f or \c full -- display in full format. |
| - \c ftime with string (quoted) parameter -- display as with \c strftime. See \c as::ftime manipulator. |
| - \c spell or \c spellout -- spell the number. |
| - \c ord or \c ordinal -- format an ordinal number (1st, 2nd... etc) |
| - \c left or \c < -- align-left. |
| - \c right or \c > -- align-right. |
| - \c width or \c w -- set field width (requires parameter). |
| - \c precision or \c p -- set precision (requires parameter). |
| - \c locale -- with parameter -- switch locales for the current operation. This command generates a locale |
| with formatting facets, giving more fine grained control of formatting. For example: |
| \n |
| \code |
| cout << format("This article was published at {1,date=l} (Gregorian) {1,locale=he_IL@calendar=hebrew,date=l} (Hebrew)") % date; |
| \endcode |
| - \c timezone or \c tz -- the name of the timezone to display the time in. For example:\n |
| \code |
| cout << format("Time is: Local {1,time}, ({1,time,tz=EET} Eastern European Time)") % date; |
| \endcode |
| - \c local - display the time in local time |
| - \c gmt - display the time in UTC time scale |
| \code |
| cout << format("Local time is: {1,time,local}, universal time is {1,time,gmt}") % time; |
| \endcode |
| |
| The constructor for the \ref boost::locale::format "format" class can take an object of type \ref boost::locale::message "message", simplifying integration with message translation code. |
| |
| For example: |
| |
| \code |
| cout<< format(translate("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}")) % a % b % (a+b) << endl; |
| \endcode |
| |
| A formatted string can be fetched directly by using the \ref boost::locale::format::str() "str(std::locale const &loc=std::locale())" member function. For example: |
| |
| \code |
| std::wstring de = (wformat(translate("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}")) % a % b % (a+b)).str(de_locale); |
| std::wstring fr = (wformat(translate("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}")) % a % b % (a+b)).str(fr_locale); |
| \endcode |
| |
| |
| \note There is one significant difference between \c boost::format and \c boost::locale::format: Boost.Locale's format converts its |
| parameters only when written to an \c ostream or when the `str()` member function is called. It only saves references to the objects that |
| can be written to a stream. |
| |
| This is generally not a problem when all operations are done in one statement, such as: |
| |
| \code |
| cout << format("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}") % a % b % (a+b); |
| \endcode |
| |
| Because the temporary value of \c (a+b) exists until the formatted data is actually written to the stream. But following code is wrong: |
| |
| \code |
| format fmt("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}"); |
| fmt % a; |
| fmt % b; |
| fmt % (a+b); |
| cout << fmt; |
| \endcode |
| |
| Because the temporary value of \c (a+b) no longer exists when \c fmt is written to the stream. A correct solution would be: |
| |
| \code |
| format fmt("Adding {1} to {2}, we get {3}"); |
| fmt % a; |
| fmt % b; |
| int a_plus_b = a+b; |
| fmt % a_plus_b; |
| cout << fmt; |
| \endcode |
| |
| */ |
| |
| |