blob: 7d57f6e582f94edefa3c34b2286af82fb4398b4b [file] [log] [blame] [edit]
#! /usr/bin/python -Es
# Copyright (C) 2012 Red Hat
# AUTHOR: Dan Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com>
# see file 'COPYING' for use and warranty information
#
# semanage is a tool for managing SELinux configuration files
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
# 02111-1307 USA
#
#
import os
import sys
import selinux
import sepolicy
from sepolicy import get_os_version, get_conditionals, get_conditionals_format_text
import argparse
import gettext
PROGNAME = "policycoreutils"
gettext.bindtextdomain(PROGNAME, "/usr/share/locale")
gettext.textdomain(PROGNAME)
try:
gettext.install(PROGNAME,
localedir="/usr/share/locale",
unicode=False,
codeset='utf-8')
except IOError:
import __builtin__
__builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode
usage = "sepolicy generate [-h] [-n NAME] [-p PATH] ["
usage_dict = {' --newtype': ('-t [TYPES [TYPES ...]]',), ' --customize': ('-d DOMAIN', '-a ADMIN_DOMAIN', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --admin_user': ('[-r TRANSITION_ROLE ]', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --application': ('COMMAND', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --cgi': ('COMMAND', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --confined_admin': ('-a ADMIN_DOMAIN', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --dbus': ('COMMAND', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --desktop_user': ('', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --inetd': ('COMMAND', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --init': ('COMMAND', "[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --sandbox': ("[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --term_user': ("[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",), ' --x_user': ("[ -w WRITEPATHS ]",)}
class CheckPath(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
if not os.path.exists(values):
raise ValueError("%s does not exist" % values)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
class CheckType(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
domains = sepolicy.get_all_domains()
if isinstance(values, str):
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
else:
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
for v in values:
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class CheckBoolean(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
booleans = sepolicy.get_all_booleans()
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
if isinstance(values, str):
v = selinux.selinux_boolean_sub(values)
if v not in booleans:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux process domain:\nValid domains: %s" % (v, ", ".join(booleans)))
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
else:
for value in values:
v = selinux.selinux_boolean_sub(value)
if v not in booleans:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux boolean:\nValid boolean: %s" % (v, ", ".join(booleans)))
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class CheckDomain(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
domains = sepolicy.get_all_domains()
if isinstance(values, str):
if values not in domains:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux process domain:\nValid domains: %s" % (values, ", ".join(domains)))
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
else:
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
for v in values:
if v not in domains:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux process domain:\nValid domains: %s" % (v, ", ".join(domains)))
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
all_classes = None
class CheckClass(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
global all_classes
if not all_classes:
all_classes = map(lambda x: x['name'], sepolicy.info(sepolicy.TCLASS))
if values not in all_classes:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux class:\nValid classes: %s" % (values, ", ".join(all_classes)))
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
class CheckAdmin(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
from sepolicy.interface import get_admin
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
admins = get_admin()
if values not in admins:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux admin domain:\nValid admin domains: %s" % (values, ", ".join(admins)))
newval.append(values)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class CheckPort(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
for v in values:
if v < 1 or v > 65536:
raise ValueError("%s must be an integer between 1 and 65536" % v)
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class CheckPortType(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
port_types = sepolicy.get_all_port_types()
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
for v in values:
if v not in port_types:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux port type:\nValid port types: %s" % (v, ", ".join(port_types)))
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
class LoadPolicy(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
import sepolicy
sepolicy.policy(values)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
class CheckPolicyType(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
from sepolicy.generate import get_poltype_desc, poltype
if values not in poltype.keys():
raise ValueError("%s invalid SELinux policy type\n%s" % (values, get_poltype_desc()))
newval.append(v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
class CheckUser(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, value, option_string=None):
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
users = sepolicy.get_all_users()
if value not in users:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux user:\nValid users: %s" % (value, ", ".join(users)))
newval.append(value)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class CheckRole(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, value, option_string=None):
newval = getattr(namespace, self.dest)
if not newval:
newval = []
roles = sepolicy.get_all_roles()
if value not in roles:
raise ValueError("%s must be an SELinux role:\nValid roles: %s" % (value, ", ".join(roles)))
newval.append(value[:-2])
setattr(namespace, self.dest, newval)
class InterfaceInfo(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
from sepolicy.interface import get_interface_dict
interface_dict = get_interface_dict()
for v in values:
if v not in interface_dict.keys():
raise ValueError(_("Interface %s does not exist.") % v)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
def generate_custom_usage(usage_text, usage_dict):
sorted_keys = []
for i in usage_dict.keys():
sorted_keys.append(i)
sorted_keys.sort()
for k in sorted_keys:
usage_text += "%s %s |" % (k, (" ".join(usage_dict[k])))
usage_text = usage_text[:-1] + "]"
usage_text = _(usage_text)
return usage_text
def numcmp(val1, val2):
try:
v1 = int(val1.split(",")[0].split("-")[0])
v2 = int(val2.split(",")[0].split("-")[0])
if v1 > v2:
return 1
if v1 == v2:
return 0
if v1 < v2:
return -1
except:
return cmp(val1, val2)
def _print_net(src, protocol, perm):
import sepolicy.network
portdict = sepolicy.network.get_network_connect(src, protocol, perm)
if len(portdict) > 0:
bold_start = "\033[1m"
bold_end = "\033[0;0m"
print "\n" + bold_start + "%s: %s %s" % (src, protocol, perm) + bold_end
port_strings = []
boolean_text = ""
for p in portdict:
for t, recs in portdict[p]:
cond = get_conditionals(src, t, "%s_socket" % protocol, [perm])
if cond:
boolean_text = get_conditionals_format_text(cond)
port_strings.append("%s (%s) %s" % (", ".join(recs), t, boolean_text))
else:
port_strings.append("%s (%s)" % (", ".join(recs), t))
port_strings.sort(numcmp)
for p in port_strings:
print "\t" + p
def network(args):
portrecs, portrecsbynum = sepolicy.gen_port_dict()
all_ports = []
if args.list_ports:
for i in portrecs:
if i[0] not in all_ports:
all_ports.append(i[0])
all_ports.sort()
print "\n".join(all_ports)
for port in args.port:
found = False
for i in portrecsbynum:
if i[0] <= port and port <= i[1]:
if i[0] == i[1]:
range = i[0]
else:
range = "%s-%s" % (i[0], i[1])
found = True
print "%d: %s %s %s" % (port, i[2], portrecsbynum[i][0], range)
if not found:
if port < 500:
print "Undefined reserved port type"
else:
print "Undefined port type"
for t in args.type:
if (t, 'tcp') in portrecs.keys():
print "%s: tcp: %s" % (t, ",".join(portrecs[t, 'tcp']))
if (t, 'udp') in portrecs.keys():
print "%s: udp: %s" % (t, ",".join(portrecs[t, 'udp']))
for a in args.applications:
d = sepolicy.get_init_transtype(a)
if d:
args.domain.append(d)
for d in args.domain:
_print_net(d, "tcp", "name_connect")
for net in ("tcp", "udp"):
_print_net(d, net, "name_bind")
def gui_run(args):
try:
import sepolicy.gui
sepolicy.gui.SELinuxGui(args.domain, args.test)
pass
except ImportError:
raise ValueError(_("You need to install policycoreutils-gui package to use the gui option"))
def gen_gui_args(parser):
gui = parser.add_parser("gui",
help=_('Graphical User Interface for SELinux Policy'))
gui.add_argument("-d", "--domain", default=None,
action=CheckDomain,
help=_("Domain name(s) of man pages to be created"))
gui.add_argument("-t", "--test", default=False, action="store_true",
help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
gui.set_defaults(func=gui_run)
def manpage(args):
from sepolicy.manpage import ManPage, HTMLManPages, manpage_domains, manpage_roles, gen_domains
path = args.path
if not args.policy and args.root != "/":
sepolicy.policy(sepolicy.get_installed_policy(args.root))
if args.source_files and args.root == "/":
raise ValueError(_("Alternative root needs to be setup"))
if args.all:
test_domains = gen_domains()
else:
test_domains = args.domain
for domain in test_domains:
m = ManPage(domain, path, args.root, args.source_files, args.web)
print m.get_man_page_path()
if args.web:
HTMLManPages(manpage_roles, manpage_domains, path, args.os)
def gen_manpage_args(parser):
man = parser.add_parser("manpage",
help=_('Generate SELinux man pages'))
man.add_argument("-p", "--path", dest="path", default="/tmp",
help=_("path in which the generated SELinux man pages will be stored"))
man.add_argument("-o", "--os", dest="os", default=get_os_version(),
help=_("name of the OS for man pages"))
man.add_argument("-w", "--web", dest="web", default=False, action="store_true",
help=_("Generate HTML man pages structure for selected SELinux man page"))
man.add_argument("-r", "--root", dest="root", default="/",
help=_("Alternate root directory, defaults to /"))
man.add_argument("--source_files", dest="source_files", default=False, action="store_true",
help=_("With this flag, alternative root path needs to include file context files and policy.xml file"))
group = man.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
group.add_argument("-a", "--all", dest="all", default=False,
action="store_true",
help=_("All domains"))
group.add_argument("-d", "--domain", nargs="+",
action=CheckDomain,
help=_("Domain name(s) of man pages to be created"))
man.set_defaults(func=manpage)
def gen_network_args(parser):
net = parser.add_parser("network",
help=_('Query SELinux policy network information'))
group = net.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
group.add_argument("-l", "--list", dest="list_ports",
action="store_true",
help=_("list all SELinux port types"))
group.add_argument("-p", "--port", dest="port", default=[],
action=CheckPort, nargs="+", type=int,
help=_("show SELinux type related to the port"))
group.add_argument("-t", "--type", dest="type", default=[],
action=CheckPortType, nargs="+",
help=_("Show ports defined for this SELinux type"))
group.add_argument("-d", "--domain", dest="domain", default=[],
action=CheckDomain, nargs="+",
help=_("show ports to which this domain can bind and/or connect"))
group.add_argument("-a", "--application", dest="applications", default=[],
nargs="+",
help=_("show ports to which this application can bind and/or connect"))
net.set_defaults(func=network)
def communicate(args):
from sepolicy.communicate import get_types
writable = get_types(args.source, args.tclass, args.sourceaccess.split(","))
readable = get_types(args.target, args.tclass, args.targetaccess.split(","))
out = list(set(writable) & set(readable))
for t in out:
print t
def gen_communicate_args(parser):
comm = parser.add_parser("communicate",
help=_('query SELinux policy to see if domains can communicate with each other'))
comm.add_argument("-s", "--source", dest="source",
action=CheckDomain, required=True,
help=_("Source Domain"))
comm.add_argument("-t", "--target", dest="target",
action=CheckDomain, required=True,
help=_("Target Domain"))
comm.add_argument("-c", "--class", required=False, dest="tclass",
action=CheckClass,
default="file", help="class to use for communications, Default 'file'")
comm.add_argument("-S", "--sourceaccess", required=False, dest="sourceaccess", default="open,write", help="comma separate list of permissions for the source type to use, Default 'open,write'")
comm.add_argument("-T", "--targetaccess", required=False, dest="targetaccess", default="open,read", help="comma separated list of permissions for the target type to use, Default 'open,read'")
comm.set_defaults(func=communicate)
def booleans(args):
from sepolicy import boolean_desc
if args.all:
rc, args.booleans = selinux.security_get_boolean_names()
args.booleans.sort()
for b in args.booleans:
print "%s=_(\"%s\")" % (b, boolean_desc(b))
def gen_booleans_args(parser):
bools = parser.add_parser("booleans",
help=_('query SELinux Policy to see description of booleans'))
group = bools.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
group.add_argument("-a", "--all", dest="all", default=False,
action="store_true",
help=_("get all booleans descriptions"))
group.add_argument("-b", "--boolean", dest="booleans", nargs="+",
action=CheckBoolean, required=False,
help=_("boolean to get description"))
bools.set_defaults(func=booleans)
def transition(args):
from sepolicy.transition import setrans
mytrans = setrans(args.source, args.target)
mytrans.output()
def gen_transition_args(parser):
trans = parser.add_parser("transition",
help=_('query SELinux Policy to see how a source process domain can transition to the target process domain'))
trans.add_argument("-s", "--source", dest="source",
action=CheckDomain, required=True,
help=_("source process domain"))
trans.add_argument("-t", "--target", dest="target",
action=CheckDomain,
help=_("target process domain"))
trans.set_defaults(func=transition)
def print_interfaces(interfaces, args, append=""):
from sepolicy.interface import get_interface_format_text, interface_compile_test
for i in interfaces:
if args.verbose:
try:
print get_interface_format_text(i + append)
except KeyError:
print i
if args.compile:
try:
interface_compile_test(i)
except KeyError:
print i
else:
print i
def interface(args):
from sepolicy.interface import get_admin, get_user, get_interface_dict, get_all_interfaces
if args.list_admin:
print_interfaces(get_admin(args.file), args, "_admin")
if args.list_user:
print_interfaces(get_user(args.file), args, "_role")
if args.list:
print_interfaces(get_all_interfaces(args.file), args)
if args.interfaces:
print_interfaces(args.interfaces, args)
def generate(args):
from sepolicy.generate import policy, AUSER, RUSER, EUSER, USERS, SANDBOX, APPLICATIONS, NEWTYPE
cmd = None
# numbers present POLTYPE defined in sepolicy.generate
conflict_args = {'TYPES': (NEWTYPE,), 'DOMAIN': (EUSER,), 'ADMIN_DOMAIN': (AUSER, RUSER, EUSER,)}
error_text = ""
if args.policytype is None:
generate_usage = generate_custom_usage(usage, usage_dict)
for k in usage_dict:
error_text += "%s" % (k)
print(generate_usage)
print(_("sepolicy generate: error: one of the arguments %s is required") % error_text)
sys.exit(1)
if args.policytype in APPLICATIONS:
if not args.command:
raise ValueError(_("Command required for this type of policy"))
cmd = os.path.realpath(args.command)
if not args.name:
args.name = os.path.basename(cmd).replace("-", "_")
mypolicy = policy(args.name, args.policytype)
if cmd:
mypolicy.set_program(cmd)
if args.types:
if args.policytype not in conflict_args['TYPES']:
raise ValueError(_("-t option can not be used with '%s' domains. Read usage for more details.") % sepolicy.generate.poltype[args.policytype])
mypolicy.set_types(args.types)
if args.domain:
if args.policytype not in conflict_args['DOMAIN']:
raise ValueError(_("-d option can not be used with '%s' domains. Read usage for more details.") % sepolicy.generate.poltype[args.policytype])
if args.admin_domain:
if args.policytype not in conflict_args['ADMIN_DOMAIN']:
raise ValueError(_("-a option can not be used with '%s' domains. Read usage for more details.") % sepolicy.generate.poltype[args.policytype])
if len(args.writepaths) > 0 and args.policytype == NEWTYPE:
raise ValueError(_("-w option can not be used with the --newtype option"))
for p in args.writepaths:
if os.path.isdir(p):
mypolicy.add_dir(p)
else:
mypolicy.add_file(p)
mypolicy.set_transition_users(args.user)
mypolicy.set_admin_roles(args.role)
mypolicy.set_admin_domains(args.admin_domain)
mypolicy.set_existing_domains(args.domain)
if args.policytype in APPLICATIONS:
mypolicy.gen_writeable()
mypolicy.gen_symbols()
print mypolicy.generate(args.path)
def gen_interface_args(parser):
itf = parser.add_parser("interface",
help=_('List SELinux Policy interfaces'))
itf.add_argument("-c", "--compile", dest="compile",
action="store_true", default=False,
help="Run compile test for selected interface")
itf.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbose",
action="store_true", default=False,
help="Show verbose information")
itf.add_argument("-f", "--file", dest="file",
help="Interface file")
group = itf.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
group.add_argument("-a", "--list_admin", dest="list_admin", action="store_true", default=False,
help="List all domains with admin interface - DOMAIN_admin()")
group.add_argument("-u", "--list_user", dest="list_user", action="store_true",
default=False,
help="List all domains with SELinux user role interface - DOMAIN_role()")
group.add_argument("-l", "--list", dest="list", action="store_true",
default=False,
help="List all interfaces")
group.add_argument("-i", "--interfaces", nargs="+", dest="interfaces",
action=InterfaceInfo,
help=_("Enter interface names, you wish to query"))
itf.set_defaults(func=interface)
def gen_generate_args(parser):
from sepolicy.generate import DAEMON, get_poltype_desc, poltype, DAEMON, DBUS, INETD, CGI, SANDBOX, USER, EUSER, TUSER, XUSER, LUSER, AUSER, RUSER, NEWTYPE
generate_usage = generate_custom_usage(usage, usage_dict)
pol = parser.add_parser("generate", usage=generate_usage,
help=_('Generate SELinux Policy module template'))
pol.add_argument("-d", "--domain", dest="domain", default=[],
action=CheckDomain, nargs="*",
help=_("Enter domain type which you will be extending"))
pol.add_argument("-u", "--user", dest="user", default=[],
action=CheckUser,
help=_("Enter SELinux user(s) which will transition to this domain"))
pol.add_argument("-r", "--role", dest="role", default=[],
action=CheckRole,
help=_("Enter SELinux role(s) to which the administror domain will transition"))
pol.add_argument("-a", "--admin", dest="admin_domain", default=[],
action=CheckAdmin,
help=_("Enter domain(s) which this confined admin will administrate"))
pol.add_argument("-n", "--name", dest="name",
default=None,
help=_("name of policy to generate"))
pol.add_argument("-T", "--test", dest="test", default=False, action="store_true",
help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
pol.add_argument("-t", "--type", dest="types", default=[], nargs="*",
action=CheckType,
help="Enter type(s) for which you will generate new definition and rule(s)")
pol.add_argument("-p", "--path", dest="path", default=os.getcwd(),
help=_("path in which the generated policy files will be stored"))
pol.add_argument("-w", "--writepath", dest="writepaths", nargs="*", default=[],
help=_("path to which the confined processes will need to write"))
cmdtype = pol.add_argument_group(_("Policy types which require a command"))
cmdgroup = cmdtype.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
cmdgroup.add_argument("--application", dest="policytype", const=USER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[USER])
cmdgroup.add_argument("--cgi", dest="policytype", const=CGI,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[CGI])
cmdgroup.add_argument("--dbus", dest="policytype", const=DBUS,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[DBUS])
cmdgroup.add_argument("--inetd", dest="policytype", const=INETD,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[INETD])
cmdgroup.add_argument("--init", dest="policytype", const=DAEMON,
action="store_const", default=DAEMON,
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[DAEMON])
type = pol.add_argument_group("Policy types which do not require a command")
group = type.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
group.add_argument("--admin_user", dest="policytype", const=AUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[AUSER])
group.add_argument("--confined_admin", dest="policytype", const=RUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[RUSER])
group.add_argument("--customize", dest="policytype", const=EUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[EUSER])
group.add_argument("--desktop_user", dest="policytype", const=LUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy ") % poltype[LUSER])
group.add_argument("--newtype", dest="policytype", const=NEWTYPE,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[NEWTYPE])
group.add_argument("--sandbox", dest="policytype", const=SANDBOX,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[SANDBOX])
group.add_argument("--term_user", dest="policytype", const=TUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[TUSER])
group.add_argument("--x_user", dest="policytype", const=XUSER,
action="store_const",
help=_("Generate '%s' policy") % poltype[XUSER])
pol.add_argument("command", nargs="?", default=None,
help=_("executable to confine"))
pol.set_defaults(func=generate)
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='SELinux Policy Inspection Tool')
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help=_("commands"))
parser.add_argument("-P", "--policy", dest="policy",
action=LoadPolicy,
default=None, help=_("Alternate SELinux policy, defaults to /sys/fs/selinux/policy"))
gen_booleans_args(subparsers)
gen_communicate_args(subparsers)
gen_generate_args(subparsers)
gen_gui_args(subparsers)
gen_interface_args(subparsers)
gen_manpage_args(subparsers)
gen_network_args(subparsers)
gen_transition_args(subparsers)
try:
if os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) == "sepolgen":
parser_args = [ "generate" ] + sys.argv[1:]
elif len(sys.argv) > 1:
parser_args = sys.argv[1:]
else:
parser_args = ["-h"]
args = parser.parse_args(args=parser_args)
args.func(args)
sys.exit(0)
except ValueError, e:
sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (e.__class__.__name__, str(e)))
sys.exit(1)
except IOError, e:
sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (e.__class__.__name__, str(e)))
sys.exit(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print "Out"
sys.exit(0)