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| |
| <h3 class="section">12.7 Simple Output by Characters or Lines</h3> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-writing-to-a-stream_002c-by-characters-957"></a>This section describes functions for performing character- and |
| line-oriented output. |
| |
| <p>These narrow streams functions are declared in the header file |
| <samp><span class="file">stdio.h</span></samp> and the wide stream functions in <samp><span class="file">wchar.h</span></samp>. |
| <a name="index-stdio_002eh-958"></a><a name="index-wchar_002eh-959"></a> |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputc</b> (<var>int c, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputc-960"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputc</code> function converts the character <var>c</var> to type |
| <code>unsigned char</code>, and writes it to the stream <var>stream</var>. |
| <code>EOF</code> is returned if a write error occurs; otherwise the |
| character <var>c</var> is returned. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>fputwc</b> (<var>wchar_t wc, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputwc-961"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputwc</code> function writes the wide character <var>wc</var> to the |
| stream <var>stream</var>. <code>WEOF</code> is returned if a write error occurs; |
| otherwise the character <var>wc</var> is returned. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- POSIX --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputc_unlocked</b> (<var>int c, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputc_005funlocked-962"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputc_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>fputc</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- POSIX --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>fputwc_unlocked</b> (<var>wint_t wc, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputwc_005funlocked-963"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputwc_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>fputwc</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| |
| <p>This function is a GNU extension. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>putc</b> (<var>int c, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-putc-964"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>This is just like <code>fputc</code>, except that most systems implement it as |
| a macro, making it faster. One consequence is that it may evaluate the |
| <var>stream</var> argument more than once, which is an exception to the |
| general rule for macros. <code>putc</code> is usually the best function to |
| use for writing a single character. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>putwc</b> (<var>wchar_t wc, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-putwc-965"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>This is just like <code>fputwc</code>, except that it can be implement as |
| a macro, making it faster. One consequence is that it may evaluate the |
| <var>stream</var> argument more than once, which is an exception to the |
| general rule for macros. <code>putwc</code> is usually the best function to |
| use for writing a single wide character. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- POSIX --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>putc_unlocked</b> (<var>int c, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-putc_005funlocked-966"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putc_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>putc</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- GNU --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>putwc_unlocked</b> (<var>wchar_t wc, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-putwc_005funlocked-967"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putwc_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>putwc</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| |
| <p>This function is a GNU extension. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>putchar</b> (<var>int c</var>)<var><a name="index-putchar-968"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putchar</code> function is equivalent to <code>putc</code> with |
| <code>stdout</code> as the value of the <var>stream</var> argument. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>putwchar</b> (<var>wchar_t wc</var>)<var><a name="index-putwchar-969"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putwchar</code> function is equivalent to <code>putwc</code> with |
| <code>stdout</code> as the value of the <var>stream</var> argument. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- POSIX --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>putchar_unlocked</b> (<var>int c</var>)<var><a name="index-putchar_005funlocked-970"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putchar_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>putchar</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- GNU --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: wint_t <b>putwchar_unlocked</b> (<var>wchar_t wc</var>)<var><a name="index-putwchar_005funlocked-971"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>putwchar_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>putwchar</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| |
| <p>This function is a GNU extension. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputs</b> (<var>const char *s, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputs-972"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The function <code>fputs</code> writes the string <var>s</var> to the stream |
| <var>stream</var>. The terminating null character is not written. |
| This function does <em>not</em> add a newline character, either. |
| It outputs only the characters in the string. |
| |
| <p>This function returns <code>EOF</code> if a write error occurs, and otherwise |
| a non-negative value. |
| |
| <p>For example: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> fputs ("Are ", stdout); |
| fputs ("you ", stdout); |
| fputs ("hungry?\n", stdout); |
| </pre> |
| <p class="noindent">outputs the text ‘<samp><span class="samp">Are you hungry?</span></samp>’ followed by a newline. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputws</b> (<var>const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputws-973"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The function <code>fputws</code> writes the wide character string <var>ws</var> to |
| the stream <var>stream</var>. The terminating null character is not written. |
| This function does <em>not</em> add a newline character, either. It |
| outputs only the characters in the string. |
| |
| <p>This function returns <code>WEOF</code> if a write error occurs, and otherwise |
| a non-negative value. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- GNU --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputs_unlocked</b> (<var>const char *s, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputs_005funlocked-974"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputs_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>fputs</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| |
| <p>This function is a GNU extension. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- wchar.h --> |
| <!-- GNU --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>fputws_unlocked</b> (<var>const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-fputws_005funlocked-975"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>fputws_unlocked</code> function is equivalent to the <code>fputws</code> |
| function except that it does not implicitly lock the stream. |
| |
| <p>This function is a GNU extension. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- ISO --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>puts</b> (<var>const char *s</var>)<var><a name="index-puts-976"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>The <code>puts</code> function writes the string <var>s</var> to the stream |
| <code>stdout</code> followed by a newline. The terminating null character of |
| the string is not written. (Note that <code>fputs</code> does <em>not</em> |
| write a newline as this function does.) |
| |
| <p><code>puts</code> is the most convenient function for printing simple |
| messages. For example: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> puts ("This is a message."); |
| </pre> |
| <p class="noindent">outputs the text ‘<samp><span class="samp">This is a message.</span></samp>’ followed by a newline. |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
| <!-- stdio.h --> |
| <!-- SVID --> |
| <div class="defun"> |
| — Function: int <b>putw</b> (<var>int w, FILE *stream</var>)<var><a name="index-putw-977"></a></var><br> |
| <blockquote><p>This function writes the word <var>w</var> (that is, an <code>int</code>) to |
| <var>stream</var>. It is provided for compatibility with SVID, but we |
| recommend you use <code>fwrite</code> instead (see <a href="Block-Input_002fOutput.html#Block-Input_002fOutput">Block Input/Output</a>). |
| </p></blockquote></div> |
| |
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