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| <h3 class="appendixsec">C.2 Installing the C Library</h3> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-installing-3815"></a> |
| To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the |
| manual, type <code>env LANGUAGE=C LC_ALL=C make install</code>. This will |
| build things, if necessary, before installing them; however, you should |
| still compile everything first. If you are installing glibc as your |
| primary C library, we recommend that you shut the system down to |
| single-user mode first, and reboot afterward. This minimizes the risk |
| of breaking things when the library changes out from underneath. |
| |
| <p>If you're upgrading from Linux libc5 or some other C library, you need to |
| replace the <samp><span class="file">/usr/include</span></samp> with a fresh directory before installing |
| it. The new <samp><span class="file">/usr/include</span></samp> should contain the Linux headers, but |
| nothing else. |
| |
| <p>You must first build the library (‘<samp><span class="samp">make</span></samp>’), optionally check it |
| (‘<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>’), switch the include directories and then install |
| (‘<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>’). The steps must be done in this order. Not moving |
| the directory before install will result in an unusable mixture of header |
| files from both libraries, but configuring, building, and checking the |
| library requires the ability to compile and run programs against the old |
| library. |
| |
| <p>If you are upgrading from a previous installation of glibc 2.0 or 2.1, |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>’ will do the entire job. You do not need to remove |
| the old includes – if you want to do so anyway you must then follow the |
| order given above. |
| |
| <p>You may also need to reconfigure GCC to work with the new library. The |
| easiest way to do that is to figure out the compiler switches to make it |
| work again (‘<samp><span class="samp">-Wl,--dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux.so.2</span></samp>’ should work on |
| GNU/Linux systems) and use them to recompile gcc. You can also edit the specs |
| file (<samp><span class="file">/usr/lib/gcc-lib/</span><var>TARGET</var><span class="file">/</span><var>VERSION</var><span class="file">/specs</span></samp>), but that |
| is a bit of a black art. |
| |
| <p>You can install glibc somewhere other than where you configured it to go |
| by setting the <code>install_root</code> variable on the command line for |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>’. The value of this variable is prepended to all the |
| paths for installation. This is useful when setting up a chroot |
| environment or preparing a binary distribution. The directory should be |
| specified with an absolute file name. |
| |
| <p>Glibc 2.2 includes a daemon called <code>nscd</code>, which you |
| may or may not want to run. <code>nscd</code> caches name service lookups; it |
| can dramatically improve performance with NIS+, and may help with DNS as |
| well. |
| |
| <p>One auxiliary program, <samp><span class="file">/usr/libexec/pt_chown</span></samp>, is installed setuid |
| <code>root</code>. This program is invoked by the <code>grantpt</code> function; it |
| sets the permissions on a pseudoterminal so it can be used by the |
| calling process. This means programs like <code>xterm</code> and |
| <code>screen</code> do not have to be setuid to get a pty. (There may be |
| other reasons why they need privileges.) If you are using a 2.1 or |
| newer Linux kernel with the <code>devptsfs</code> or <code>devfs</code> filesystems |
| providing pty slaves, you don't need this program; otherwise you do. |
| The source for <samp><span class="file">pt_chown</span></samp> is in <samp><span class="file">login/programs/pt_chown.c</span></samp>. |
| |
| <p>After installation you might want to configure the timezone and locale |
| installation of your system. The GNU C library comes with a locale |
| database which gets configured with <code>localedef</code>. For example, to |
| set up a German locale with name <code>de_DE</code>, simply issue the command |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE</span></samp>’. To configure all locales |
| that are supported by glibc, you can issue from your build directory the |
| command ‘<samp><span class="samp">make localedata/install-locales</span></samp>’. |
| |
| <p>To configure the locally used timezone, set the <code>TZ</code> environment |
| variable. The script <code>tzselect</code> helps you to select the right value. |
| As an example, for Germany, <code>tzselect</code> would tell you to use |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">TZ='Europe/Berlin'</span></samp>’. For a system wide installation (the given |
| paths are for an installation with ‘<samp><span class="samp">--prefix=/usr</span></samp>’), link the |
| timezone file which is in <samp><span class="file">/usr/share/zoneinfo</span></samp> to the file |
| <samp><span class="file">/etc/localtime</span></samp>. For Germany, you might execute ‘<samp><span class="samp">ln -s |
| /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</span></samp>’. |
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