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| <h4 class="subsection">3.17.7 Darwin Options</h4> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-Darwin-options-1101"></a> |
| These options are defined for all architectures running the Darwin operating |
| system. |
| |
| <p>FSF GCC on Darwin does not create “fat” object files; it will create |
| an object file for the single architecture that it was built to |
| target. Apple's GCC on Darwin does create “fat” files if multiple |
| <samp><span class="option">-arch</span></samp> options are used; it does so by running the compiler or |
| linker multiple times and joining the results together with |
| <samp><span class="file">lipo</span></samp>. |
| |
| <p>The subtype of the file created (like ‘<samp><span class="samp">ppc7400</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ppc970</span></samp>’ or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">i686</span></samp>’) is determined by the flags that specify the ISA |
| that GCC is targetting, like <samp><span class="option">-mcpu</span></samp> or <samp><span class="option">-march</span></samp>. The |
| <samp><span class="option">-force_cpusubtype_ALL</span></samp> option can be used to override this. |
| |
| <p>The Darwin tools vary in their behavior when presented with an ISA |
| mismatch. The assembler, <samp><span class="file">as</span></samp>, will only permit instructions to |
| be used that are valid for the subtype of the file it is generating, |
| so you cannot put 64-bit instructions in a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ppc750</span></samp>’ object file. |
| The linker for shared libraries, <samp><span class="file">/usr/bin/libtool</span></samp>, will fail |
| and print an error if asked to create a shared library with a less |
| restrictive subtype than its input files (for instance, trying to put |
| a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ppc970</span></samp>’ object file in a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ppc7400</span></samp>’ library). The linker |
| for executables, <samp><span class="file">ld</span></samp>, will quietly give the executable the most |
| restrictive subtype of any of its input files. |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>-F</code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-F-1102"></a>Add the framework directory <var>dir</var> to the head of the list of |
| directories to be searched for header files. These directories are |
| interleaved with those specified by <samp><span class="option">-I</span></samp> options and are |
| scanned in a left-to-right order. |
| |
| <p>A framework directory is a directory with frameworks in it. A |
| framework is a directory with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">"Headers"</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">"PrivateHeaders"</span></samp>’ directory contained directly in it that ends |
| in ‘<samp><span class="samp">".framework"</span></samp>’. The name of a framework is the name of this |
| directory excluding the ‘<samp><span class="samp">".framework"</span></samp>’. Headers associated with |
| the framework are found in one of those two directories, with |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">"Headers"</span></samp>’ being searched first. A subframework is a framework |
| directory that is in a framework's ‘<samp><span class="samp">"Frameworks"</span></samp>’ directory. |
| Includes of subframework headers can only appear in a header of a |
| framework that contains the subframework, or in a sibling subframework |
| header. Two subframeworks are siblings if they occur in the same |
| framework. A subframework should not have the same name as a |
| framework, a warning will be issued if this is violated. Currently a |
| subframework cannot have subframeworks, in the future, the mechanism |
| may be extended to support this. The standard frameworks can be found |
| in ‘<samp><span class="samp">"/System/Library/Frameworks"</span></samp>’ and |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">"/Library/Frameworks"</span></samp>’. An example include looks like |
| <code>#include <Framework/header.h></code>, where ‘<samp><span class="samp">Framework</span></samp>’ denotes |
| the name of the framework and header.h is found in the |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">"PrivateHeaders"</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">"Headers"</span></samp>’ directory. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-iframework</code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-iframework-1103"></a>Like <samp><span class="option">-F</span></samp> except the directory is a treated as a system |
| directory. The main difference between this <samp><span class="option">-iframework</span></samp> and |
| <samp><span class="option">-F</span></samp> is that with <samp><span class="option">-iframework</span></samp> the compiler does not |
| warn about constructs contained within header files found via |
| <var>dir</var>. This option is valid only for the C family of languages. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-gused</code><dd><a name="index-gused-1104"></a>Emit debugging information for symbols that are used. For STABS |
| debugging format, this enables <samp><span class="option">-feliminate-unused-debug-symbols</span></samp>. |
| This is by default ON. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-gfull</code><dd><a name="index-gfull-1105"></a>Emit debugging information for all symbols and types. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-mmacosx-version-min=</code><var>version</var><dd>The earliest version of MacOS X that this executable will run on |
| is <var>version</var>. Typical values of <var>version</var> include <code>10.1</code>, |
| <code>10.2</code>, and <code>10.3.9</code>. |
| |
| <p>If the compiler was built to use the system's headers by default, |
| then the default for this option is the system version on which the |
| compiler is running, otherwise the default is to make choices which |
| are compatible with as many systems and code bases as possible. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-mkernel</code><dd><a name="index-mkernel-1106"></a>Enable kernel development mode. The <samp><span class="option">-mkernel</span></samp> option sets |
| <samp><span class="option">-static</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-fno-common</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-fno-cxa-atexit</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">-fno-exceptions</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-fno-non-call-exceptions</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">-fapple-kext</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-fno-weak</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-fno-rtti</span></samp> where |
| applicable. This mode also sets <samp><span class="option">-mno-altivec</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">-msoft-float</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-fno-builtin</span></samp> and |
| <samp><span class="option">-mlong-branch</span></samp> for PowerPC targets. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-mone-byte-bool</code><dd><a name="index-mone_002dbyte_002dbool-1107"></a>Override the defaults for ‘<samp><span class="samp">bool</span></samp>’ so that ‘<samp><span class="samp">sizeof(bool)==1</span></samp>’. |
| By default ‘<samp><span class="samp">sizeof(bool)</span></samp>’ is ‘<samp><span class="samp">4</span></samp>’ when compiling for |
| Darwin/PowerPC and ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’ when compiling for Darwin/x86, so this |
| option has no effect on x86. |
| |
| <p><strong>Warning:</strong> The <samp><span class="option">-mone-byte-bool</span></samp> switch causes GCC |
| to generate code that is not binary compatible with code generated |
| without that switch. Using this switch may require recompiling all |
| other modules in a program, including system libraries. Use this |
| switch to conform to a non-default data model. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-mfix-and-continue</code><dt><code>-ffix-and-continue</code><dt><code>-findirect-data</code><dd><a name="index-mfix_002dand_002dcontinue-1108"></a><a name="index-ffix_002dand_002dcontinue-1109"></a><a name="index-findirect_002ddata-1110"></a>Generate code suitable for fast turn around development. Needed to |
| enable gdb to dynamically load <code>.o</code> files into already running |
| programs. <samp><span class="option">-findirect-data</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-ffix-and-continue</span></samp> |
| are provided for backwards compatibility. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-all_load</code><dd><a name="index-all_005fload-1111"></a>Loads all members of static archive libraries. |
| See man ld(1) for more information. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-arch_errors_fatal</code><dd><a name="index-arch_005ferrors_005ffatal-1112"></a>Cause the errors having to do with files that have the wrong architecture |
| to be fatal. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-bind_at_load</code><dd><a name="index-bind_005fat_005fload-1113"></a>Causes the output file to be marked such that the dynamic linker will |
| bind all undefined references when the file is loaded or launched. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-bundle</code><dd><a name="index-bundle-1114"></a>Produce a Mach-o bundle format file. |
| See man ld(1) for more information. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-bundle_loader </code><var>executable</var><dd><a name="index-bundle_005floader-1115"></a>This option specifies the <var>executable</var> that will be loading the build |
| output file being linked. See man ld(1) for more information. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-dynamiclib</code><dd><a name="index-dynamiclib-1116"></a>When passed this option, GCC will produce a dynamic library instead of |
| an executable when linking, using the Darwin <samp><span class="file">libtool</span></samp> command. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-force_cpusubtype_ALL</code><dd><a name="index-force_005fcpusubtype_005fALL-1117"></a>This causes GCC's output file to have the <var>ALL</var> subtype, instead of |
| one controlled by the <samp><span class="option">-mcpu</span></samp> or <samp><span class="option">-march</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>-allowable_client </code><var>client_name</var><dt><code>-client_name</code><dt><code>-compatibility_version</code><dt><code>-current_version</code><dt><code>-dead_strip</code><dt><code>-dependency-file</code><dt><code>-dylib_file</code><dt><code>-dylinker_install_name</code><dt><code>-dynamic</code><dt><code>-exported_symbols_list</code><dt><code>-filelist</code><dt><code>-flat_namespace</code><dt><code>-force_flat_namespace</code><dt><code>-headerpad_max_install_names</code><dt><code>-image_base</code><dt><code>-init</code><dt><code>-install_name</code><dt><code>-keep_private_externs</code><dt><code>-multi_module</code><dt><code>-multiply_defined</code><dt><code>-multiply_defined_unused</code><dt><code>-noall_load</code><dt><code>-no_dead_strip_inits_and_terms</code><dt><code>-nofixprebinding</code><dt><code>-nomultidefs</code><dt><code>-noprebind</code><dt><code>-noseglinkedit</code><dt><code>-pagezero_size</code><dt><code>-prebind</code><dt><code>-prebind_all_twolevel_modules</code><dt><code>-private_bundle</code><dt><code>-read_only_relocs</code><dt><code>-sectalign</code><dt><code>-sectobjectsymbols</code><dt><code>-whyload</code><dt><code>-seg1addr</code><dt><code>-sectcreate</code><dt><code>-sectobjectsymbols</code><dt><code>-sectorder</code><dt><code>-segaddr</code><dt><code>-segs_read_only_addr</code><dt><code>-segs_read_write_addr</code><dt><code>-seg_addr_table</code><dt><code>-seg_addr_table_filename</code><dt><code>-seglinkedit</code><dt><code>-segprot</code><dt><code>-segs_read_only_addr</code><dt><code>-segs_read_write_addr</code><dt><code>-single_module</code><dt><code>-static</code><dt><code>-sub_library</code><dt><code>-sub_umbrella</code><dt><code>-twolevel_namespace</code><dt><code>-umbrella</code><dt><code>-undefined</code><dt><code>-unexported_symbols_list</code><dt><code>-weak_reference_mismatches</code><dt><code>-whatsloaded</code><dd><a name="index-allowable_005fclient-1118"></a><a name="index-client_005fname-1119"></a><a name="index-compatibility_005fversion-1120"></a><a name="index-current_005fversion-1121"></a><a name="index-dead_005fstrip-1122"></a><a name="index-dependency_002dfile-1123"></a><a name="index-dylib_005ffile-1124"></a><a name="index-dylinker_005finstall_005fname-1125"></a><a name="index-dynamic-1126"></a><a name="index-exported_005fsymbols_005flist-1127"></a><a name="index-filelist-1128"></a><a name="index-flat_005fnamespace-1129"></a><a name="index-force_005fflat_005fnamespace-1130"></a><a name="index-headerpad_005fmax_005finstall_005fnames-1131"></a><a name="index-image_005fbase-1132"></a><a name="index-init-1133"></a><a name="index-install_005fname-1134"></a><a name="index-keep_005fprivate_005fexterns-1135"></a><a name="index-multi_005fmodule-1136"></a><a name="index-multiply_005fdefined-1137"></a><a name="index-multiply_005fdefined_005funused-1138"></a><a name="index-noall_005fload-1139"></a><a name="index-no_005fdead_005fstrip_005finits_005fand_005fterms-1140"></a><a name="index-nofixprebinding-1141"></a><a name="index-nomultidefs-1142"></a><a name="index-noprebind-1143"></a><a name="index-noseglinkedit-1144"></a><a name="index-pagezero_005fsize-1145"></a><a name="index-prebind-1146"></a><a name="index-prebind_005fall_005ftwolevel_005fmodules-1147"></a><a name="index-private_005fbundle-1148"></a><a name="index-read_005fonly_005frelocs-1149"></a><a name="index-sectalign-1150"></a><a name="index-sectobjectsymbols-1151"></a><a name="index-whyload-1152"></a><a name="index-seg1addr-1153"></a><a name="index-sectcreate-1154"></a><a name="index-sectobjectsymbols-1155"></a><a name="index-sectorder-1156"></a><a name="index-segaddr-1157"></a><a name="index-segs_005fread_005fonly_005faddr-1158"></a><a name="index-segs_005fread_005fwrite_005faddr-1159"></a><a name="index-seg_005faddr_005ftable-1160"></a><a name="index-seg_005faddr_005ftable_005ffilename-1161"></a><a name="index-seglinkedit-1162"></a><a name="index-segprot-1163"></a><a name="index-segs_005fread_005fonly_005faddr-1164"></a><a name="index-segs_005fread_005fwrite_005faddr-1165"></a><a name="index-single_005fmodule-1166"></a><a name="index-static-1167"></a><a name="index-sub_005flibrary-1168"></a><a name="index-sub_005fumbrella-1169"></a><a name="index-twolevel_005fnamespace-1170"></a><a name="index-umbrella-1171"></a><a name="index-undefined-1172"></a><a name="index-unexported_005fsymbols_005flist-1173"></a><a name="index-weak_005freference_005fmismatches-1174"></a><a name="index-whatsloaded-1175"></a>These options are passed to the Darwin linker. The Darwin linker man page |
| describes them in detail. |
| </dl> |
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