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| <h5 class="subsubsection">15.4.6.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures</h5> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-Modula_002d2-built_002dins-847"></a> |
| Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions. |
| In describing these, the following metavariables are used: |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><var>a</var><dd>represents an <code>ARRAY</code> variable. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>c</var><dd>represents a <code>CHAR</code> constant or variable. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>i</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of integral type. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>m</var><dd>represents an identifier that belongs to a set. Generally used in the |
| same function with the metavariable <var>s</var>. The type of <var>s</var> should |
| be <code>SET OF </code><var>mtype</var> (where <var>mtype</var> is the type of <var>m</var>). |
| |
| <br><dt><var>n</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>r</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of floating-point type. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>t</var><dd>represents a type. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>v</var><dd>represents a variable. |
| |
| <br><dt><var>x</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of one of many types. See the |
| explanation of the function for details. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below. |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>ABS(</code><var>n</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the absolute value of <var>n</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>CAP(</code><var>c</var><code>)</code><dd>If <var>c</var> is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case |
| equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>CHR(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the character whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>DEC(</code><var>v</var><code>)</code><dd>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>DEC(</code><var>v</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the |
| new value. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>EXCL(</code><var>m</var><code>,</code><var>s</var><code>)</code><dd>Removes the element <var>m</var> from the set <var>s</var>. Returns the new |
| set. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>FLOAT(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer <var>i</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>HIGH(</code><var>a</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the index of the last member of <var>a</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>INC(</code><var>v</var><code>)</code><dd>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>INC(</code><var>v</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the |
| new value. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>INCL(</code><var>m</var><code>,</code><var>s</var><code>)</code><dd>Adds the element <var>m</var> to the set <var>s</var> if it is not already |
| there. Returns the new set. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>MAX(</code><var>t</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the maximum value of the type <var>t</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>MIN(</code><var>t</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the minimum value of the type <var>t</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>ODD(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns boolean TRUE if <var>i</var> is an odd number. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>ORD(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the ordinal value of its argument. For example, the ordinal |
| value of a character is its <span class="sc">ascii</span> value (on machines supporting the |
| <span class="sc">ascii</span> character set). <var>x</var> must be of an ordered type, which include |
| integral, character and enumerated types. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>SIZE(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the size of its argument. <var>x</var> can be a variable or a type. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>TRUNC(</code><var>r</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the integral part of <var>r</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>TSIZE(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the size of its argument. <var>x</var> can be a variable or a type. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>VAL(</code><var>t</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the member of the type <var>t</var> whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <em>Warning:</em> Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so |
| <span class="sc">gdb</span> treats the use of procedures <code>INCL</code> and <code>EXCL</code> as |
| an error. |
| </blockquote> |
| |
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