| <html lang="en"> |
| <head> |
| <title>Callers - GNU gprof</title> |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> |
| <meta name="description" content="GNU gprof"> |
| <meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> |
| <link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> |
| <link rel="up" href="Call-Graph.html#Call-Graph" title="Call Graph"> |
| <link rel="prev" href="Primary.html#Primary" title="Primary"> |
| <link rel="next" href="Subroutines.html#Subroutines" title="Subroutines"> |
| <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> |
| <!-- |
| This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system. |
| |
| Copyright (C) 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, |
| 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no |
| Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the |
| section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. |
| |
| --> |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> |
| <style type="text/css"><!-- |
| pre.display { font-family:inherit } |
| pre.format { font-family:inherit } |
| pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } |
| pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } |
| pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } |
| pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } |
| span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } |
| span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } |
| span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } |
| --></style> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../cs.css"> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <div class="node"> |
| <a name="Callers"></a> |
| <p> |
| Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Subroutines.html#Subroutines">Subroutines</a>, |
| Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Primary.html#Primary">Primary</a>, |
| Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Call-Graph.html#Call-Graph">Call Graph</a> |
| <hr> |
| </div> |
| |
| <h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Lines for a Function's Callers</h4> |
| |
| <p>A function's entry has a line for each function it was called by. |
| These lines' fields correspond to the fields of the primary line, but |
| their meanings are different because of the difference in context. |
| |
| <p>For reference, we repeat two lines from the entry for the function |
| <code>report</code>, the primary line and one caller-line preceding it, together |
| with the heading line that shows the names of the fields: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> index % time self children called name |
| ... |
| 0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2] |
| [3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3] |
| </pre> |
| <p>Here are the meanings of the fields in the caller-line for <code>report</code> |
| called from <code>main</code>: |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>self</code><dd>An estimate of the amount of time spent in <code>report</code> itself when it was |
| called from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>children</code><dd>An estimate of the amount of time spent in subroutines of <code>report</code> |
| when <code>report</code> was called from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <p>The sum of the <code>self</code> and <code>children</code> fields is an estimate |
| of the amount of time spent within calls to <code>report</code> from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>called</code><dd>Two numbers: the number of times <code>report</code> was called from <code>main</code>, |
| followed by the total number of non-recursive calls to <code>report</code> from |
| all its callers. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>name and index number</code><dd>The name of the caller of <code>report</code> to which this line applies, |
| followed by the caller's index number. |
| |
| <p>Not all functions have entries in the call graph; some |
| options to <code>gprof</code> request the omission of certain functions. |
| When a caller has no entry of its own, it still has caller-lines |
| in the entries of the functions it calls. |
| |
| <p>If the caller is part of a recursion cycle, the cycle number is |
| printed between the name and the index number. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>If the identity of the callers of a function cannot be determined, a |
| dummy caller-line is printed which has ‘<samp><span class="samp"><spontaneous></span></samp>’ as the |
| “caller's name” and all other fields blank. This can happen for |
| signal handlers. |
| <!-- What if some calls have determinable callers' names but not all? --> |
| <!-- FIXME - still relevant? --> |
| |
| </body></html> |
| |
