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| <!-- %MENU% Math functions, useful constants, random numbers --> |
| <h2 class="chapter">19 Mathematics</h2> |
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| <p>This chapter contains information about functions for performing |
| mathematical computations, such as trigonometric functions. Most of |
| these functions have prototypes declared in the header file |
| <samp><span class="file">math.h</span></samp>. The complex-valued functions are defined in |
| <samp><span class="file">complex.h</span></samp>. |
| <a name="index-math_002eh-2066"></a><a name="index-complex_002eh-2067"></a> |
| All mathematical functions which take a floating-point argument |
| have three variants, one each for <code>double</code>, <code>float</code>, and |
| <code>long double</code> arguments. The <code>double</code> versions are mostly |
| defined in ISO C89<!-- /@w -->. The <code>float</code> and <code>long double</code> |
| versions are from the numeric extensions to C included in ISO C99<!-- /@w -->. |
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| <p>Which of the three versions of a function should be used depends on the |
| situation. For most calculations, the <code>float</code> functions are the |
| fastest. On the other hand, the <code>long double</code> functions have the |
| highest precision. <code>double</code> is somewhere in between. It is |
| usually wise to pick the narrowest type that can accommodate your data. |
| Not all machines have a distinct <code>long double</code> type; it may be the |
| same as <code>double</code>. |
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| <li><a accesskey="1" href="Mathematical-Constants.html#Mathematical-Constants">Mathematical Constants</a>: Precise numeric values for often-used |
| constants. |
| <li><a accesskey="2" href="Trig-Functions.html#Trig-Functions">Trig Functions</a>: Sine, cosine, tangent, and friends. |
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| <li><a accesskey="4" href="Exponents-and-Logarithms.html#Exponents-and-Logarithms">Exponents and Logarithms</a>: Also pow and sqrt. |
| <li><a accesskey="5" href="Hyperbolic-Functions.html#Hyperbolic-Functions">Hyperbolic Functions</a>: sinh, cosh, tanh, etc. |
| <li><a accesskey="6" href="Special-Functions.html#Special-Functions">Special Functions</a>: Bessel, gamma, erf. |
| <li><a accesskey="7" href="Errors-in-Math-Functions.html#Errors-in-Math-Functions">Errors in Math Functions</a>: Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions. |
| <li><a accesskey="8" href="Pseudo_002dRandom-Numbers.html#Pseudo_002dRandom-Numbers">Pseudo-Random Numbers</a>: Functions for generating pseudo-random |
| numbers. |
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