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     <H1 CLASS="title">Frequently Asked Questions</H1>
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 <DL class="page-index" style="margin-top:1em">
   <DT><A href="#flush">Why is data I've written to a <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE> not reaching the Sink at the end of the chain?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#tee">How do I write to several ostreams at once?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#component_access">How do I access a Filter or Device after I've added it to a chain or attached it to a <CODE>stream</CODE> or <CODE>stream_buffer?</CODE></A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#offsets">How do perform file positioning operations with large (64-bit) offsets?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#stl">How do I read from or write to an STL sequence?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#multibyte">How do I write a stream which can read or write multibyte character encodings?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#auto_close">Can I swap Filters or Devices in the middle of a sequence of i/o operations?</CODE></A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#lifetime">Why does my filter chain work with <CODE>std::cout</CODE> but not with another <CODE>ostream</CODE>?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#pipe">Why do I get errors stating that <CODE>operator|</CODE> is ambiguous?</A></DT>
   <DT><A href="#finite_state">Why do I get errors when compiling the <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> examples?</A></DT>
 </DL>

 <HR style="margin-top:1em">

 <A NAME="flush"></A>
 <H4>Why is data I've written to a <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE> not reaching the Sink at the end of the chain?</H4>

 <P>
      You may need to flush the stream. Note, however, that there is no guarantee that all data written to a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A> will be forwarded to the final Sink until the stream is closed, unless all the Filters in the underlying <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A> are <A HREF="concepts/flushable.html">Flushable</A>.
 </P>
 <P>
      It's also possible that a buggy Filter is modifying data in a way you don't expect, <I>e.g.</I>, by silently discarding data.
 </P>

 <A NAME="tee"></A>
 <H4>How do I write to several ostreams at once?</H4>

 <P>
      Use a <A HREF="functions/tee.html#tee_filter"><CODE>tee_filter</CODE></A> or <A HREF="functions/tee.html#tee_device"><CODE>tee_device</CODE></A>. <I>See</I> <A HREF="functions/tee.html"><CODE>tee</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="component_access"></A>
 <H4>How do I access a Filter or Device after I've added it to a chain or attached it to a <CODE>stream</CODE> or <CODE>stream_buffer?</CODE></H4>

 <P>
      If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream"><CODE>stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream_buffer"><CODE>stream_buffer</CODE></A>, use <CODE>operator*</CODE> or <CODE>operator-&gt;</CODE>.
 </P>

 <P>
      If you're using a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A>, use the member function templates <A HREF="classes/chain.html#component_type"><CODE>component_type</CODE></A> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html#component"><CODE>component</CODE></A>. Alternatively, add your Filter or Device to the chain by reference, using a  <A HREF="../../../doc/html/ref.html" TARGET="_top">reference wrapper</A>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="offsets"></A>
 <H4>How do perform file positioning operations with large (64-bit) offsets?</H4>

 <P>
     If you're using a raw Device and your compiler supports a 64-bit integral type, you can pass a large offset directly to <CODE>seek</CODE>. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <P>
     If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream_buffer"><CODE>stream_buffer</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A>, convert the offset to a <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> using <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#offset_to_position"><CODE>offset_to_position</CODE></A>, then pass it to <CODE>pubseekpos</CODE>. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <P>
     If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream"><CODE>stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, convert the offset to a <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> using <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#offset_to_position"><CODE>offset_to_position</CODE></A>, then pass it to the overload of <CODE>seekg</CODE> or <CODE>seekp</CODE> which takes a single <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> argument. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <P><I>See</I> <A HREF="functions/positioning.html">Stream Offsets</A>.</P>

 <A NAME="stl"></A>
 <H4>How do I read from or write to an STL sequence?</H4>

 <P>
     You can append to an STL sequence using a <A HREF="classes/back_inserter.html"><CODE>back_insert_device</CODE></A>, or the function <A HREF="classes/back_inserter.html#back_inserter"><CODE>boost::iostreams::back_inserter</CODE></A>. You can read from an STL sequence
     by adding an instance of <A HREF="../../range/doc/html/range/reference/utilities/iterator_range.html" TARGET="_top"><CODE>boost::itertator_range</CODE></A> to a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <P><I>See</I> <A HREF="tutorial/container_source.html">Writing a <CODE>container_source</CODE></A> and <A HREF="tutorial/container_sink.html">Writing a <CODE>container_sink</CODE></A>.</P>

 <A NAME="multibyte"></A>
 <H4>How do I write a stream which can read or write multibyte character encodings?</H4>

 <P>
      Use a <A HREF="classes/code_converter.html"><CODE>code_converter</CODE></A>. <I>See</I> <A HREF="guide/code_conversion.html"><CODE>Code Conversion</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="auto_close"></A>
 <H4>Can I swap Filters or Devices in the middle of a sequence of i/o operations?</H4>

 <P>
      If you're performing output, and if all the Filters in you chain are <A HREF="concepts/flushable.html">Flushable</A>, then yes. First call <A HREF="classes/chain.html#strict_sync"><CODE>strict_sync</CODE></A>. If it returns <CODE>true</CODE>, you can safely call <CODE><A HREF="classes/chain.html#set_auto_close">set_auto_close</A>(false)</CODE> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html#pop"><CODE>pop</CODE></A> one or more components without closing the stream. This applies to instances of <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="lifetime"></A>
 <H4>Why does my filter chain work with <CODE>std::cout</CODE> but not with another <CODE>ostream</CODE>?</H4>

 <P>
      The Iostreams library stores streams and stream buffers by reference; consequently, streams and stream buffers must outlive any filter chain to which they are added. This is not a problem for <CODE>std::cout</CODE>, since it is guaranteed to live until the end of the program.
 </P>

 <P>
      Check to make sure that the <CODE>ostream</CODE> is not being destroyed before the <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE>. If both objects are constructed on the stack within the same block, make sure that the <CODE>ostream</CODE> is constructed <I>first</I>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="pipe"></A>
 <H4>Why do I get errors stating that <CODE>operator|</CODE> is ambiguous?</H4>

 <P>
      During overload resolution for an expression involving <CODE>operator|</CODE>, your compiler could be considering an implicit conversion from an intergral type to a <A HREF="concepts/pipable.html">Pipable</A> Filter. Make sure that all your Pipable Filters have <CODE>explicit</CODE> constructors. <I>See</I> <A HREF="guide/pipelines.html">Pipelines</A>.
 </P>

 <A NAME="finite_state"></A>
 <H4>Why do I get errors when compiling the <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> examples?</H4>

 <P>
      The template <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> requires a highly standard-conforming compiler. See <A HREF="portability.html">Portability</A> and the <A HREF="http://www.boost.org/status/compiler_status.html" TARGET="_top">Compiler Status Tables</A> for details.
 </P>

 <!-- Begin Footer -->

 <HR>
 <P CLASS="copyright">Revised 02 Feb 2008</P>

 <P CLASS="copyright">&copy; Copyright 2008 <a href="http://www.coderage.com/" target="_top">CodeRage, LLC</a><br/>&copy; Copyright 2004-2007 <a href="http://www.coderage.com/turkanis/" target="_top">Jonathan Turkanis</a></P>
 <P CLASS="copyright">
     Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <A HREF="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</A>)
 </P>

 <!-- End Footer -->

 </BODY>
	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
	<HTML>
	<HEAD>
	<TITLE>Frequently Asked Questions</TITLE>
	<LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="../../../boost.css">
	<LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="theme/iostreams.css">
	</HEAD>
	<BODY>

	<!-- Begin Banner -->

	<H1 CLASS="title">Frequently Asked Questions</H1>
	<HR CLASS="banner">

	<!-- End Banner -->

	<DL class="page-index" style="margin-top:1em">
	<DT><A href="#flush">Why is data I've written to a <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE> not reaching the Sink at the end of the chain?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#tee">How do I write to several ostreams at once?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#component_access">How do I access a Filter or Device after I've added it to a chain or attached it to a <CODE>stream</CODE> or <CODE>stream_buffer?</CODE></A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#offsets">How do perform file positioning operations with large (64-bit) offsets?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#stl">How do I read from or write to an STL sequence?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#multibyte">How do I write a stream which can read or write multibyte character encodings?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#auto_close">Can I swap Filters or Devices in the middle of a sequence of i/o operations?</CODE></A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#lifetime">Why does my filter chain work with <CODE>std::cout</CODE> but not with another <CODE>ostream</CODE>?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#pipe">Why do I get errors stating that <CODE>operator\|</CODE> is ambiguous?</A></DT>
	<DT><A href="#finite_state">Why do I get errors when compiling the <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> examples?</A></DT>
	</DL>

	<HR style="margin-top:1em">

	<A NAME="flush"></A>
	<H4>Why is data I've written to a <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE> not reaching the Sink at the end of the chain?</H4>

	<P>
	You may need to flush the stream. Note, however, that there is no guarantee that all data written to a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A> will be forwarded to the final Sink until the stream is closed, unless all the Filters in the underlying <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A> are <A HREF="concepts/flushable.html">Flushable</A>.
	</P>
	<P>
	It's also possible that a buggy Filter is modifying data in a way you don't expect, <I>e.g.</I>, by silently discarding data.
	</P>

	<A NAME="tee"></A>
	<H4>How do I write to several ostreams at once?</H4>

	<P>
	Use a <A HREF="functions/tee.html#tee_filter"><CODE>tee_filter</CODE></A> or <A HREF="functions/tee.html#tee_device"><CODE>tee_device</CODE></A>. <I>See</I> <A HREF="functions/tee.html"><CODE>tee</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="component_access"></A>
	<H4>How do I access a Filter or Device after I've added it to a chain or attached it to a <CODE>stream</CODE> or <CODE>stream_buffer?</CODE></H4>

	<P>
	If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream"><CODE>stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream_buffer"><CODE>stream_buffer</CODE></A>, use <CODE>operator*</CODE> or <CODE>operator-></CODE>.
	</P>

	<P>
	If you're using a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A>, use the member function templates <A HREF="classes/chain.html#component_type"><CODE>component_type</CODE></A> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html#component"><CODE>component</CODE></A>. Alternatively, add your Filter or Device to the chain by reference, using a <A HREF="../../../doc/html/ref.html" TARGET="_top">reference wrapper</A>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="offsets"></A>
	<H4>How do perform file positioning operations with large (64-bit) offsets?</H4>

	<P>
	If you're using a raw Device and your compiler supports a 64-bit integral type, you can pass a large offset directly to <CODE>seek</CODE>. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<P>
	If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream_buffer"><CODE>stream_buffer</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A>, convert the offset to a <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> using <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#offset_to_position"><CODE>offset_to_position</CODE></A>, then pass it to <CODE>pubseekpos</CODE>. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<P>
	If you're using a <A HREF="guide/generic_streams.html#stream"><CODE>stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, convert the offset to a <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> using <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#offset_to_position"><CODE>offset_to_position</CODE></A>, then pass it to the overload of <CODE>seekg</CODE> or <CODE>seekp</CODE> which takes a single <CODE>std::streampos</CODE> argument. To convert the return value of seek to an integral type, use <A HREF="functions/positioning.html#position_to_offset"><CODE>position_to_offset</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<P><I>See</I> <A HREF="functions/positioning.html">Stream Offsets</A>.</P>

	<A NAME="stl"></A>
	<H4>How do I read from or write to an STL sequence?</H4>

	<P>
	You can append to an STL sequence using a <A HREF="classes/back_inserter.html"><CODE>back_insert_device</CODE></A>, or the function <A HREF="classes/back_inserter.html#back_inserter"><CODE>boost::iostreams::back_inserter</CODE></A>. You can read from an STL sequence
	by adding an instance of <A HREF="../../range/doc/html/range/reference/utilities/iterator_range.html" TARGET="_top"><CODE>boost::itertator_range</CODE></A> to a <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A> or <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<P><I>See</I> <A HREF="tutorial/container_source.html">Writing a <CODE>container_source</CODE></A> and <A HREF="tutorial/container_sink.html">Writing a <CODE>container_sink</CODE></A>.</P>

	<A NAME="multibyte"></A>
	<H4>How do I write a stream which can read or write multibyte character encodings?</H4>

	<P>
	Use a <A HREF="classes/code_converter.html"><CODE>code_converter</CODE></A>. <I>See</I> <A HREF="guide/code_conversion.html"><CODE>Code Conversion</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="auto_close"></A>
	<H4>Can I swap Filters or Devices in the middle of a sequence of i/o operations?</H4>

	<P>
	If you're performing output, and if all the Filters in you chain are <A HREF="concepts/flushable.html">Flushable</A>, then yes. First call <A HREF="classes/chain.html#strict_sync"><CODE>strict_sync</CODE></A>. If it returns <CODE>true</CODE>, you can safely call <CODE><A HREF="classes/chain.html#set_auto_close">set_auto_close</A>(false)</CODE> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html#pop"><CODE>pop</CODE></A> one or more components without closing the stream. This applies to instances of <A HREF="classes/filtering_stream.html"><CODE>filtering_stream</CODE></A>, <A HREF="classes/filtering_streambuf.html"><CODE>filtering_streambuf</CODE></A> and <A HREF="classes/chain.html"><CODE>chain</CODE></A>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="lifetime"></A>
	<H4>Why does my filter chain work with <CODE>std::cout</CODE> but not with another <CODE>ostream</CODE>?</H4>

	<P>
	The Iostreams library stores streams and stream buffers by reference; consequently, streams and stream buffers must outlive any filter chain to which they are added. This is not a problem for <CODE>std::cout</CODE>, since it is guaranteed to live until the end of the program.
	</P>

	<P>
	Check to make sure that the <CODE>ostream</CODE> is not being destroyed before the <CODE>filtering_stream</CODE>. If both objects are constructed on the stack within the same block, make sure that the <CODE>ostream</CODE> is constructed <I>first</I>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="pipe"></A>
	<H4>Why do I get errors stating that <CODE>operator\|</CODE> is ambiguous?</H4>

	<P>
	During overload resolution for an expression involving <CODE>operator\|</CODE>, your compiler could be considering an implicit conversion from an intergral type to a <A HREF="concepts/pipable.html">Pipable</A> Filter. Make sure that all your Pipable Filters have <CODE>explicit</CODE> constructors. <I>See</I> <A HREF="guide/pipelines.html">Pipelines</A>.
	</P>

	<A NAME="finite_state"></A>
	<H4>Why do I get errors when compiling the <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> examples?</H4>

	<P>
	The template <CODE>finite_state_filter</CODE> requires a highly standard-conforming compiler. See <A HREF="portability.html">Portability</A> and the <A HREF="http://www.boost.org/status/compiler_status.html" TARGET="_top">Compiler Status Tables</A> for details.
	</P>

	<!-- Begin Footer -->

	<HR>
	<P CLASS="copyright">Revised 02 Feb 2008</P>

	<P CLASS="copyright">© Copyright 2008 <a href="http://www.coderage.com/" target="_top">CodeRage, LLC</a><br/>© Copyright 2004-2007 <a href="http://www.coderage.com/turkanis/" target="_top">Jonathan Turkanis</a></P>
	<P CLASS="copyright">
	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <A HREF="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</A>)
	</P>

	<!-- End Footer -->

	</BODY>