| This is parted.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from parted.texi. |
| |
| This file documents the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating, |
| resizing, checking and copy partitions and file systems on them. |
| |
| Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free |
| Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
| any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
| Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover |
| Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
| Free Documentation License". |
| |
| START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| * parted: (parted). GNU partitioning software |
| END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) |
| |
| GNU Parted User Manual |
| ********************** |
| |
| This document describes the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating, |
| destroying, resizing, checking and copying hard drive partitions, and |
| the file systems on them. |
| |
| This document applies roughly to version *1.8.7* of GNU Parted. |
| |
| The original version was written by Andrew Clausen in text format. |
| Richard M. Kreuter translated it into Texinfo format in 2002, to be |
| heavily edited by Leslie P. Polzer in 2006. |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * Introduction:: Overview |
| * Using Parted:: Partitioning a Hard Drive |
| * Related information:: Further reading on related topics |
| * Copying This Manual:: How to make copies of this manual |
| * History:: This manual's history |
| |
| * Index:: Index of referenced concepts |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Using Parted, Prev: Top, Up: Top |
| |
| 1 Introduction |
| ************** |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * Overview:: GNU Parted and prerequisite knowledge |
| * Software Required:: GNU Parted's software dependencies |
| * Supported Platforms:: Where you can use GNU Parted |
| * License:: What you may and may not do with GNU Parted |
| * Compiling:: How to build GNU Parted |
| * Static binaries:: How to get and use a static version of GNU |
| Parted |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Overview, Next: Software Required, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.1 Overview of GNU Parted |
| ========================== |
| |
| GNU Parted is a program for creating, destroying, resizing, checking |
| and copying partitions, and the file systems on them. |
| |
| This is useful for creating space for new operating systems, for |
| reorganizing disk usage, for copying data between hard disks and for |
| "disk imaging" -- replicating an installation on another computer. |
| |
| This documentation is written with the assumption that the reader has |
| some understanding of partitioning and file systems. If you want to |
| learn more about these, the upcoming GNU Storage Guide is recommended |
| reading. |
| |
| GNU Parted was designed to minimize the chance of data loss. For |
| example, it was designed to avoid data loss during interruptions (like |
| power failure) and performs many safety checks. However, there could |
| be bugs in GNU Parted, so you should back up your important files before |
| running Parted. Also note that reiserfs support relies on libreiserfs, |
| which does not fulfil the aforementioned requirement. The same holds |
| for any external tools like `ntfsresize'. |
| |
| The GNU Parted homepage is `http://www.gnu.org/software/parted'. The |
| library and frontend themselves can be downloaded from |
| `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted'. You can also find a listing of mailing |
| lists, notes for contributing and more useful information on the web |
| site. |
| |
| Please send bug reports to <bug-parted@gnu.org>. When sending bug |
| reports, please include the version of GNU Parted. Please include the |
| output from these commands (for disk `/dev/hda'): |
| |
| # parted /dev/hda print unit s print unit chs print |
| |
| Feel free to ask for help on this list -- just check that your |
| question isn't answered here first. If you don't understand the |
| documentation, please tell us, so we can explain it better. General |
| philosophy is: if you need to ask for help, then something needs to be |
| fixed so you (and others) don't need to ask for help. |
| |
| Also, we'd love to hear your ideas :-) |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Software Required, Next: Supported Platforms, Prev: Overview, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.2 Software Required for the use of Parted |
| =========================================== |
| |
| If you're installing or compiling Parted yourself, you'll need to have |
| some other programs installed. If you are compiling Parted, you will |
| need both the normal and devel packages of these programs installed: |
| |
| * libuuid, part of the e2fsprogs package. If you don't have this, |
| you can get it from: |
| |
| `http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/e2fsprogs.html' |
| |
| If you want to compile Parted and e2fsprogs, note that you will |
| need to `make install' and `make install-libs' e2fsprogs. |
| |
| * GNU Readline (optional), available from |
| |
| `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline' |
| |
| If you are compiling Parted, and you don't have readline, you can |
| disable Parted's readline support with the `--disable-readline' |
| option for `configure'. |
| |
| * GNU gettext (or compatible software) for compilation, if |
| internationalisation support is desired. |
| |
| `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext' |
| |
| * libreiserfs, if you want reiserfs support: |
| |
| `http://reiserfs.osdn.org.ua' |
| |
| Note that parted will automatically detect libreiserfs at runtime, |
| and enable reiserfs support. libreiserfs is new, and hasn't been |
| widely tested yet. |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Supported Platforms, Next: License, Prev: Software Required, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.3 Platforms on which GNU Parted runs |
| ====================================== |
| |
| Hopefully, this list will grow a lot. If you do not have one of these |
| platforms, then you can use a rescue disk and a static binary of GNU |
| Parted. *Note Static binaries::. |
| |
| GNU/Linux |
| Linux versions 2.0 and up, on Alpha, x86 PCs, PC98, Macintosh |
| PowerPC, Sun hardware. |
| |
| GNU/Hurd |
| |
| GNU libc 2.1 or higher is required. You can probably use older |
| versions by using the `--disable-nls' option. *Note Building GNU |
| Parted: Compiling. (Note: I think we have now dropped this requirement. |
| TODO: check if libc 2.0 works!) |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: License, Next: Compiling, Prev: Supported Platforms, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.4 Terms of distribution for GNU Parted |
| ======================================== |
| |
| GNU Parted is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License |
| Version 2. This should have been included with the Parted distribution, |
| in the COPYING file. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
| Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. |
| |
| Libparted is considered part of GNU Parted. It is covered by the GNU |
| General Public License. It is NOT released under the GNU Lesser General |
| Public License (LGPL). |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Compiling, Next: Static binaries, Prev: License, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.5 Building GNU Parted |
| ======================= |
| |
| If you want to compile GNU Parted, this is generally done with: |
| |
| $ ./configure |
| $ make |
| |
| However, there are a few options for `configure': |
| |
| `--without-readline' |
| turns off use of readline. This is useful for making rescue disks, |
| etc., where few libraries are available. |
| |
| `--disable-debug' |
| don't include assertions |
| |
| `--disable-dynamic-loading' |
| disables dynamic loading of some libraries (only libreiserfs for |
| now, although we hope to expand this). Dynamic loading is useful |
| because it allows you to reuse libparted shared libraries even |
| when you don't know if some libraries will be available. It has a |
| small overhead (mainly linking with libdl), so it may be useful to |
| disable it on bootdisks if you don't need the flexibility. |
| |
| `--disable-fs' |
| disable all file system support |
| |
| `--disable-nls' |
| turns off native language support. This is useful for use with old |
| versions of glibc, or a trimmed down version of glibc suitable for |
| rescue disks. |
| |
| `--disable-shared' |
| turns off shared libraries. This may be necessary for use with old |
| versions of GNU libc, if you get a compile error about a "spilled |
| register". Also useful for boot/rescue disks. |
| |
| `--disable-Werror' |
| ignore warning messages in compilation |
| |
| `--enable-discover-only' |
| support only reading/probing (reduces size considerably) |
| |
| `--enable-mtrace' |
| enable malloc() debugging |
| |
| `--enable-read-only' |
| disable writing (for debugging) |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Static binaries, Prev: Compiling, Up: Introduction |
| |
| 1.6 Using static binaries of GNU Parted |
| ======================================= |
| |
| 1.6.1 Introduction |
| ------------------ |
| |
| If you want to run GNU Parted on a machine without GNU/Linux installed, |
| or you want to resize a root or boot partition, you will need to use a |
| boot disk. |
| |
| Special boot disk images for GNU Parted used to be available, but |
| with the emergence of a plethora of rescue disks and Live CDs that all |
| include GNU Parted this is no longer necessary. However, please note |
| that these disks often ship with out-of-date versions of Parted. To |
| compensate for this a static binary of the latest GNU Parted version is |
| available, which you can use thus: |
| |
| 1.6.2 Creating the Parted disk |
| ------------------------------ |
| |
| 1. Boot your system |
| |
| 2. Download `parted-static-VERSION.tgz' from |
| `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted/static' |
| |
| 3. Unpack the tarball, resulting in a file called "parted.static". |
| |
| 4. Insert a floppy. |
| |
| 5. Do a low-level format on it (on GNU/Linux this can be achieved with |
| the tool "fdformat" from the "util-linux" package. |
| This is basically a sanity check because floppy disks often |
| contain bad blocks. |
| |
| 6. Create a file system. Example: |
| |
| $ parted /dev/fd0 mklabel loop mkpartfs primary ext2 0 1.4 |
| |
| 7. Mount the floppy disk, e.g., |
| |
| $ mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy |
| |
| 8. Copy `parted.static' to the floppy, e.g., |
| |
| $ cp parted.static /mnt/floppy |
| |
| 9. Unmount the floppy, e.g., |
| |
| $ umount /mnt/floppy |
| |
| 1.6.3 Using the Parted disk |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| 1. Choose a rescue disk that suits you. |
| |
| 2. Boot off your rescue disk. Mount the disk you copied Parted onto. |
| |
| 3. Run Parted. For example, |
| |
| # cd /mnt/floppy |
| # ./parted-static |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Using Parted, Next: Related information, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top |
| |
| 2 Using Parted |
| ************** |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * Partitioning:: Disk partitioning in context |
| * Running Parted:: Partitioning with Parted |
| * Invoking Parted:: Parted's invocation options and commands |
| * Command explanations:: Full explanation of parted's commands |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Partitioning, Next: Running Parted, Up: Using Parted |
| |
| 2.1 Introduction to Partitioning |
| ================================ |
| |
| Unfortunately, partitioning your disk is rather complicated. This is |
| because there are interactions between many different systems that need |
| to be taken into consideration. |
| |
| This manual used to introduce the reader to these systems and their |
| working. This content has moved to the GNU Storage Guide. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Running Parted, Next: Invoking Parted, Prev: Partitioning, Up: Using Parted |
| |
| 2.2 Using GNU Parted |
| ==================== |
| |
| Parted has two modes: command line and interactive. Parted should |
| always be started with: |
| |
| # parted DEVICE |
| |
| where DEVICE is the hard disk device to edit. (If you're lazy and omit |
| the DEVICE argument, Parted will attempt to guess which device you |
| want.) |
| |
| In command line mode, this is followed by one or more commands. For |
| example: |
| |
| # parted /dev/sda resize 1 52Mb 104Mb mkfs 2 fat16 |
| |
| Options (like `--help') can only be specified on the command line. |
| |
| In interactive mode, commands are entered one at a time at a prompt, |
| and modify the disk immediately. For example: |
| |
| (parted) resize 1 52.0005Mb 104.5Mb |
| (parted) mkfs 2 fat16 |
| |
| Unambiguous abbreviations are allowed. For example, you can type "p" |
| instead of "print", and "resi" instead of "resize". Commands can be |
| typed either in English, or your native language (if your language has |
| been translated). This may create ambiguities. Commands are |
| case-insensitive. |
| |
| Numbers indicating partition locations can be whole numbers or |
| decimals. The suffix selects the unit, which may be one of those |
| described in *Note unit::, except CHS and compact. If no suffix is |
| given, then the default unit is assumed. Negative numbers count back |
| from the end of the disk, with "-1s" indicating the end of the disk. |
| Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you specify (e.g. |
| a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in "G"). Use the |
| sector unit "s" to specify exact locations. |
| |
| If you don't give a parameter to a command, Parted will prompt you |
| for it. For example: |
| |
| (parted) resize 1 |
| Start? 0Gb |
| End? 40Gb |
| |
| Parted will always warn you before doing something that is potentially |
| dangerous, unless the command is one of those that is inherently |
| dangerous (viz., rm, mklabel and mkfs). For example, if you attempt to |
| shrink a partition "too much" (i.e., by more than the free space |
| available), Parted will automatically reduce the shrinkage so that the |
| partition is the smallest it can be without losing data. If this size |
| is significantly different from the size requested, Parted will warn |
| you. Since many partitioning systems have complicated constraints, |
| Parted will usually do something slightly different to what you asked. |
| (For example, create a partition starting at 10.352Mb, not 10.4Mb) If |
| the calculated values differ too much, Parted will ask you for |
| confirmation. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Invoking Parted, Next: Command explanations, Prev: Running Parted, Up: Using Parted |
| |
| 2.3 Command Line Options |
| ======================== |
| |
| When invoked from the command line, Parted supports the following |
| syntax: |
| |
| # parted [OPTION] DEVICE [COMMAND [ARGUMENT]] |
| |
| Available options and commands follow. For detailed explanations of |
| the use of Parted commands, see *Note Command explanations::. Options |
| begin with a hyphen, commands do not: |
| |
| Options: |
| |
| `-h' |
| `--help' |
| display a help message |
| |
| `-i' |
| `--interactive' |
| prompt for user intervention |
| |
| `-s' |
| `--script' |
| never prompt the user |
| |
| `-v' |
| `--version' |
| display the version |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Command explanations, Prev: Invoking Parted, Up: Using Parted |
| |
| 2.4 Parted Session Commands |
| =========================== |
| |
| GNU Parted provides the following commands: |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * check:: |
| * cp:: |
| * help:: |
| * mklabel:: |
| * mkfs:: |
| * mkpart:: |
| * mkpartfs:: |
| * move:: |
| * name:: |
| * print:: |
| * quit:: |
| * rescue:: |
| * resize:: |
| * rm:: |
| * select:: |
| * set:: |
| * unit:: |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: check, Next: cp, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.1 check |
| ----------- |
| |
| -- Command: check NUMBER |
| Checks if the file system on partition NUMBER has any errors. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) check 1 |
| |
| Check the file system on partition 1. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: cp, Next: help, Prev: check, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.2 cp |
| -------- |
| |
| -- Command: cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER |
| Copies the file system on the partition FROM-NUMBER to partition |
| TO-NUMBER, deleting the original contents of the destination |
| partition. |
| |
| An optional device parameter, FROM-DEVICE can be given, which |
| specifies which device the source partition is on. |
| |
| Supported file systems: |
| * ext2, ext3 (provided the destination partition is larger than |
| the source partition) |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * linux-swap (equivalent to mkswap on destination partition) |
| |
| * reiserfs (if libreiserfs is installed) |
| |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) cp /dev/hdb 2 3 |
| |
| Copy partition 2 of `/dev/hdb' (i.e., `/dev/hdb2') to partition on |
| 3, on the device Parted was loaded with, destroying the original |
| contents of partition 3. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: help, Next: mklabel, Prev: cp, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.3 help |
| ---------- |
| |
| -- Command: help [COMMAND] |
| Prints general help, or help on COMMAND. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) help resize |
| |
| Print help for the resize command. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: mklabel, Next: mkfs, Prev: help, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.4 mklabel |
| ------------- |
| |
| -- Command: mklabel LABEL-TYPE |
| Creates a new disk label, of type LABEL-TYPE. The new disk label |
| will have no partitions. This command (normally) won't technically |
| destroy your data, but it will make it basically unusable, and you |
| will need to use the rescue command (*note Related information::) |
| to recover any partitions. Parted works on all partition tables. |
| (1) |
| |
| LABEL-TYPE must be one of these supported disk labels: |
| * bsd |
| |
| * loop (raw disk access) |
| |
| * gpt |
| |
| * mac |
| |
| * msdos |
| |
| * pc98 |
| |
| * sun |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) mklabel msdos |
| |
| Create an MS-DOS disk label. This is still the most common disk |
| label for PCs. |
| |
| ---------- Footnotes ---------- |
| |
| (1) Everyone seems to have a different word for "disk label" -- these |
| are all the same thing: partition table, partition map. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: mkfs, Next: mkpart, Prev: mklabel, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.5 mkfs |
| ---------- |
| |
| -- Command: mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE |
| Makes a file system FS-TYPE on partition NUMBER, destroying all |
| data that resides on that partition. |
| |
| Supported file systems: |
| * ext2 |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * linux-swap |
| |
| * reiserfs (if libreiserfs is installed) |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) mkfs 2 fat32 |
| |
| Make a FAT32 file system on partition 2. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: mkpart, Next: mkpartfs, Prev: mkfs, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.6 mkpart |
| ------------ |
| |
| -- Command: mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END |
| Creates a new partition, _without_ creating a new file system on |
| that partition. This is useful for creating partitions for file |
| systems (or LVM, etc.) that Parted doesn't support. You may |
| specify a file system type, to set the appropriate partition code |
| in the partition table for the new partition. FS-TYPE is required |
| for data partitions (i.e., non-extended partitions). START and END |
| are the offset from the beginning of the disk, that is, the |
| "distance" from the start of the disk. |
| |
| PART-TYPE is one of: primary, extended, logical. Extended and |
| logical are only used for msdos and dvh disk labels. |
| |
| FS-TYPE must be on of these supported file systems: |
| * ext2 |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * hfs, hfs+, hfsx |
| |
| * linux-swap |
| |
| * NTFS |
| |
| * reiserfs |
| |
| * ufs |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) mkpart logical 0.0 692.1 |
| |
| Create a logical partition that will contain an ext2 file system. |
| The partition will start at the beginning of the disk, and end |
| 692.1 megabytes into the disk. |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: mkpartfs, Next: move, Prev: mkpart, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.7 mkpartfs |
| -------------- |
| |
| -- Command: mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END |
| Creates a new partition of type PART-TYPE with a new file system |
| of type FS-TYPE on it. The new partition will start START |
| megabytes, and end END megabytes from the beginning of the disk. |
| Do not use this command to recover a deleted partition (use mkpart |
| instead). |
| |
| PART-TYPE is one of: primary, extended, logical. Extended and |
| logical are only used for msdos and dvh disk labels. |
| |
| FS-TYPE must be one of these supported file systems: |
| * ext2 |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * linux-swap |
| |
| * reiserfs (if libreiserfs is installed) |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) mkpartfs logical ext2 440 670 |
| |
| Make a logical partition and write an ext2 file system, starting |
| 440 megabytes and ending 670 megabytes from the beginning of the |
| disk. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: move, Next: name, Prev: mkpartfs, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.8 move |
| ---------- |
| |
| -- Command: move NUMBER START END |
| Moves partition on the disk, by moving its beginning to START. |
| You can't move a partition so that the old and new positions |
| overlap. That is, you can only move partitions into free space. |
| If you want to resize a partition in-place, use `resize'. |
| |
| Move never changes the partition number. |
| |
| Supported file systems: |
| * ext2, ext3 (provided the destination partition is larger than |
| the source partition) |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * linux-swap |
| |
| * reiserfs (if libreiserfs is installed) |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) move 2 150M 500M |
| |
| Move the partition numbered 2 so that it begins 150 megabytes from |
| the start of the disk, and ends 500 megabytes from the start. |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: name, Next: print, Prev: move, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.9 name |
| ---------- |
| |
| -- Command: name NUMBER NAME |
| Sets the name for the partition NUMBER (GPT, Mac, MIPS and PC98 |
| only). The name can be placed in quotes. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) name 2 'Secret Documents' |
| |
| Set the name of partition 2 to `Secret Documents'. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: print, Next: quit, Prev: name, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.10 print |
| ------------ |
| |
| -- Command: print [NUMBER] |
| Displays the partition table on the device parted is editing, or |
| detailed information about a particular partition. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0.000-2445.679 megabytes |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Minor Start End Type Filesystem Flags |
| 1 0.031 945.000 primary fat32 boot, lba |
| 2 945.000 2358.562 primary ext2 |
| 3 2358.562 2445.187 primary linux-swap |
| (parted) print 1 |
| Minor: 1 |
| Flags: boot, lba |
| File System: fat32 |
| Size: 945.000Mb (0%) |
| Minimum size: 84.361Mb (0%) |
| Maximum size: 2445.679Mb (100%) |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: quit, Next: rescue, Prev: print, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.11 quit |
| ----------- |
| |
| -- Command: quit |
| Quits Parted. |
| |
| It is only after Parted exits that the Linux kernel knows about |
| the changes Parted has made to the disks. However, the changes |
| caused by typing your commands will _probably_ be made to the disk |
| immediately after typing a command. However, the operating |
| system's cache and the disk's hardware cache may delay this. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: rescue, Next: resize, Prev: quit, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.12 rescue |
| ------------- |
| |
| -- Command: rescue START END |
| Rescue a lost partition that used to be located approximately |
| between START and END. If such a partition is found, Parted will |
| ask you if you want to create a partition for it. This is useful |
| if you accidently deleted a partition with parted's rm command, |
| for example. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hdc: 0.000-8063.507 megabytes |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Minor Start End Type Filesystem Flags |
| 1 0.031 8056.032 primary ext3 |
| (parted) rm |
| Partition number? 1 |
| (parted) print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hdc: 0.000-8063.507 megabytes |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Minor Start End Type Filesystem Flags |
| |
| OUCH! We deleted our ext3 partition!!! Parted comes to the |
| rescue... |
| |
| (parted) rescue |
| Start? 0 |
| End? 8056 |
| Information: A ext3 primary partition was found at 0.031MB -> |
| 8056.030MB. Do you want to add it to the partition table? |
| Yes/No/Cancel? y |
| (parted) print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hdc: 0.000-8063.507 megabytes |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Minor Start End Type Filesystem Flags |
| 1 0.031 8056.032 primary ext3 |
| |
| It's back! :) |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: resize, Next: rm, Prev: rescue, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.13 resize |
| ------------- |
| |
| -- Command: resize NUMBER START END |
| Resizes the partition with number NUMBER. The partition will start |
| START from the beginning of the disk, and end END from the |
| beginning of the disk. resize never changes the partition number. |
| Extended partitions can be resized only so long as the new |
| extended partition completely contains all logical partitions. |
| |
| Note that Parted can manipulate partitions whether or not they |
| have been defragmented, so you do not need to defragmenting the |
| disk before using Parted. |
| |
| Supported file systems: |
| * ext2, ext3 - restriction: the new START must be the same as |
| the old START. |
| |
| * fat16, fat32 |
| |
| * hfs, hfs+, hfsx - restriction: the new START must be the same |
| as the old START and the new END must be smaller than the old |
| END. |
| |
| * linux-swap |
| |
| * reiserfs (if libreiserfs is installed) |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) resize 3 200M 850M |
| |
| Resize partition 3, so that it begins 200 megabytes and ends 850 |
| megabytes from the beginning of the disk. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: rm, Next: select, Prev: resize, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.14 rm |
| --------- |
| |
| -- Command: rm NUMBER |
| Removes the partition with number NUMBER. If you accidently delete |
| a partition with this command, use mkpart (_not_ mkpartfs) to |
| recover it. Also, you can use the gpart program (*note Related |
| information::) to recover damaged disk labels. |
| |
| Note for msdos disk labels: if you delete a logical partition, all |
| logical partitions with a larger partition number will be |
| renumbered. For example, if you delete a logical partition with a |
| partition number of 6, then logical partitions that were number 7, |
| 8 and 9 would be renumbered to 6, 7 and 8 respectively. This |
| means, for example, that you have to update `/etc/fstab' on |
| GNU/Linux systems. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) rm 3 |
| |
| Remove partition 3. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: select, Next: set, Prev: rm, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.15 select |
| ------------- |
| |
| -- Command: select DEVICE |
| Selects the device, DEVICE, for Parted to edit. The device can be |
| a Linux hard disk device, a partition, a software RAID device or |
| LVM logical volume. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) select /dev/hdb |
| |
| Select `/dev/hdb' (the slave device on the first ide controller on |
| Linux) as the device to edit. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: set, Next: unit, Prev: select, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.16 set |
| ---------- |
| |
| -- Command: set NUMBER FLAG STATE |
| Changes a flag on the partition with number NUMBER. A flag can be |
| either "on" or "off". Some or all of these flags will be |
| available, depending on what disk label you are using: |
| |
| `boot' |
| (Mac, MS-DOS, PC98) - should be enabled if you want to boot |
| off the partition. The semantics vary between disk labels. |
| For MS-DOS disk labels, only one partition can be bootable. |
| If you are installing LILO on a partition that partition must |
| be bootable. For PC98 disk labels, all ext2 partitions must |
| be bootable (this is enforced by Parted). |
| |
| `lba' |
| (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell MS DOS, MS |
| Windows 9x and MS Windows ME based operating systems to use |
| Linear (LBA) mode. |
| |
| `root' |
| (Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the partition is the |
| root device to be used by Linux. |
| |
| `swap' |
| (Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the partition is the |
| swap device to be used by Linux. |
| |
| `hidden' |
| (MS-DOS, PC98) - this flag can be enabled to hide partitions |
| from Microsoft operating systems. |
| |
| `raid' |
| (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the |
| partition is a software RAID partition. |
| |
| `LVM' |
| (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the |
| partition is a physical volume. |
| |
| `PALO' |
| (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition can |
| be used by the Linux/PA-RISC boot loader, palo. |
| |
| `PREP' |
| (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition can |
| be used as a PReP boot partition on PowerPC PReP or IBM |
| RS6K/CHRP hardware. |
| |
| |
| The print command displays all enabled flags for each partition. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) set 1 boot on |
| |
| Set the `boot' flag on partition 1. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: unit, Prev: set, Up: Command explanations |
| |
| 2.4.17 unit |
| ----------- |
| |
| -- Command: unit UNIT |
| Selects the current default unit that Parted will use to display |
| locations and capacities on the disk and to interpret those given |
| by the user if they are not suffixed by an UNIT. |
| |
| UNIT may be one of: |
| |
| `s' |
| sector (n bytes depending on the sector size, often 512) |
| |
| `B' |
| byte |
| |
| `kB' |
| kilobyte (1000 bytes) |
| |
| `MB' |
| megabyte (1000000 bytes) |
| |
| `GB' |
| gigabyte (1000000000 bytes) |
| |
| `TB' |
| terabyte (1000000000000 bytes) |
| |
| `%' |
| percentage of the device (between 0 and 100) |
| |
| `cyl' |
| cylinders (related to the BIOS CHS geometry) |
| |
| `chs' |
| cylinders, heads, sectors addressing (related to the BIOS CHS |
| geometry) |
| |
| `compact' |
| This is a special unit that defaults to megabytes for input, |
| and picks a unit that gives a compact human readable |
| representation for output. |
| |
| The default unit apply only for the output and when no unit is |
| specified after an input number. Input numbers can be followed by |
| an unit (without any space or other character between them), in |
| which case this unit apply instead of the default unit for this |
| particular number, but CHS and cylinder units are not supported as |
| a suffix. If no suffix is given, then the default unit is assumed. |
| Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you specify |
| (e.g. a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in "G") |
| and will select the nearest location in this range from the one you |
| wrote that satisfies constraints from both the operation, the |
| filesystem being worked on, the disk label, other partitions and so |
| on. Use the sector unit "s" to specify exact locations (if they |
| do not satisfy all onstraints, Parted will ask you for the nearest |
| solution). Note that negative numbers count back from the end of |
| the disk, with "-1s" pointing to the end of the disk. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| (parted) unit compact |
| (parted) print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0kB - 123GB |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Number Start End Size Type File system Flags |
| 1 32kB 1078MB 1077MB primary reiserfs boot |
| 2 1078MB 2155MB 1078MB primary linux-swap |
| 3 2155MB 123GB 121GB extended |
| 5 2155MB 7452MB 5297MB logical reiserfs |
| (parted) unit chs print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0,0,0 - 14946,225,62 |
| BIOS cylinder,head,sector geometry: 14946,255,63. Each cylinder |
| is 8225kB. |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Number Start End Type File system Flags |
| 1 0,1,0 130,254,62 primary reiserfs boot |
| 2 131,0,0 261,254,62 primary linux-swap |
| 3 262,0,0 14945,254,62 extended |
| 5 262,2,0 905,254,62 logical reiserfs |
| (parted) unit mb print |
| Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0MB - 122942MB |
| Disk label type: msdos |
| Number Start End Size Type File system Flags |
| 1 0MB 1078MB 1077MB primary reiserfs boot |
| 2 1078MB 2155MB 1078MB primary linux-swap |
| 3 2155MB 122935MB 120780MB extended |
| 5 2155MB 7452MB 5297MB logical reiserfs |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Related information, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Using Parted, Up: Top |
| |
| 3 Related information |
| ********************* |
| |
| If you want to find out more information, please see the GNU Parted web |
| site. |
| |
| These files in the Parted distribution contain further information: |
| |
| * `ABOUT-NLS' - information about using Native Language Support, and |
| the Free Translation Project. |
| |
| * `AUTHORS' - who wrote what. |
| |
| * `ChangeLog' - record of changes made to Parted. |
| |
| * `COPYING' - the GNU General Public License, the terms under which |
| GNU Parted may be distributed. |
| |
| * `COPYING.DOC' - the GNU Free Documentation Licence, the term under |
| which Parted's documentation may be distributed. |
| |
| * `INSTALL' -- how to compile and install Parted, and most other free |
| software |
| |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: History, Prev: Related information, Up: Top |
| |
| Appendix A Copying This Manual |
| ****************************** |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual |
| |
| A.1 GNU Free Documentation License |
| ================================== |
| |
| Version 1.1, March 2000 |
| |
| Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
| |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| |
| 0. PREAMBLE |
| |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
| the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
| modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
| this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
| credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
| modifications made by others. |
| |
| This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. |
| It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| license designed for free software. |
| |
| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for |
| free software, because free software needs free documentation: a |
| free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms |
| that the software does. But this License is not limited to |
| software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless |
| of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. |
| We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is |
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| |
| 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| |
| This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
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| 4. MODIFICATIONS |
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| 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
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| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of |
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| number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered |
| version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you |
| have the option of following the terms and conditions either of |
| that specified version or of any later version that has been |
| published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If |
| the Document does not specify a version number of this License, |
| you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the |
| Free Software Foundation. |
| |
| A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and license |
| notices just after the title page: |
| |
| Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
| Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
| A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
| Free Documentation License''. |
| |
| If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
| instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover |
| Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being |
| LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
| |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to |
| permit their use in free software. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: History, Next: Index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top |
| |
| Appendix B This manual's history |
| ******************************** |
| |
| This manual was based on the file `USER' included in GNU Parted version |
| 1.4.22 source distribution. The GNU Parted source distribution is |
| available at `ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted'. |
| |
| Initial Texinfo formatting by Richard M. Kreuter, 2002. |
| |
| Maintainance by Andrew Clausen from 2002 to 2005 and by Leslie P. |
| Polzer from July 2005 onwards. |
| |
| This manual is distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License, |
| version 1.1 or later, at your discretion, any later version published |
| by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no |
| Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. *Note Copying This |
| Manual::, for details. |
| |
| |
| File: parted.info, Node: Index, Prev: History, Up: Top |
| |
| Index |
| ***** |
| |
| [index] |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * bugs, reporting: Overview. (line 6) |
| * building parted: Compiling. (line 6) |
| * check, command description: check. (line 6) |
| * command description, check: check. (line 6) |
| * command description, cp: cp. (line 6) |
| * command description, help: help. (line 6) |
| * command description, mkfs: mkfs. (line 6) |
| * command description, mkindex: mklabel. (line 6) |
| * command description, mkpart: mkpart. (line 6) |
| * command description, mkpartfs: mkpartfs. (line 6) |
| * command description, move: move. (line 6) |
| * command description, name: name. (line 6) |
| * command description, print: print. (line 6) |
| * command description, quit: quit. (line 6) |
| * command description, rescue: rescue. (line 6) |
| * command description, resize: resize. (line 6) |
| * command description, rm: rm. (line 6) |
| * command description, select: select. (line 6) |
| * command description, set: set. (line 6) |
| * command description, unit: unit. (line 6) |
| * command syntax: Command explanations. (line 6) |
| * commands: Using Parted. (line 6) |
| * commands, detailed listing: Command explanations. (line 6) |
| * commands, overview: Invoking Parted. (line 6) |
| * compiling parted: Compiling. (line 6) |
| * contacting developers: Overview. (line 6) |
| * cp, command description: cp. (line 6) |
| * description of parted: Overview. (line 6) |
| * detailed command listing: Command explanations. (line 6) |
| * e2fsprogs: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. |
| (line 6) |
| * further reading: Related information. (line 6) |
| * gettext: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * gnu gpl: License. (line 6) |
| * gpl: License. (line 6) |
| * help, command description: help. (line 6) |
| * history of this manual: History. (line 6) |
| * invocation options: Invoking Parted. (line 6) |
| * libuuid: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * license terms: License. (line 6) |
| * mkfs, command description: mkfs. (line 6) |
| * mklabel, command description: mklabel. (line 6) |
| * mkpart, command description: mkpart. (line 6) |
| * mkpartfs, command description: mkpartfs. (line 6) |
| * modes of use: Running Parted. (line 6) |
| * move, command description: move. (line 6) |
| * name, command description: name. (line 6) |
| * options at invocation: Invoking Parted. (line 6) |
| * overview: Overview. (line 6) |
| * parted description: Overview. (line 6) |
| * partitioning overview: Partitioning. (line 6) |
| * platforms, supported: Supported Platforms. (line 6) |
| * print, command description: print. (line 6) |
| * quit, command description: quit. (line 6) |
| * readline: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * related documentation: Related information. (line 6) |
| * reporting bugs: Overview. (line 6) |
| * required software: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * rescue, command description: rescue. (line 6) |
| * resize, command description: resize. (line 6) |
| * resizing root device: Static binaries. (line 6) |
| * rm, command description: rm. (line 6) |
| * select, command description: select. (line 6) |
| * set, command description: set. (line 6) |
| * software dependencies: Software Required. (line 6) |
| * static binary: Static binaries. (line 6) |
| * supported platforms: Supported Platforms. (line 6) |
| * terms of distribution: License. (line 6) |
| * unit, command description: unit. (line 6) |
| * unsupported platforms: Static binaries. (line 6) |
| |
| |
| |
| Tag Table: |
| Node: Top796 |
| Node: Introduction1683 |
| Node: Overview2253 |
| Node: Software Required4298 |
| Node: Supported Platforms5657 |
| Node: License6373 |
| Node: Compiling7004 |
| Node: Static binaries8649 |
| Node: Using Parted10492 |
| Node: Partitioning10911 |
| Node: Running Parted11367 |
| Node: Invoking Parted13908 |
| Node: Command explanations14580 |
| Node: check14950 |
| Node: cp15229 |
| Node: help16166 |
| Node: mklabel16440 |
| Ref: mklabel-Footnote-117321 |
| Node: mkfs17450 |
| Node: mkpart17946 |
| Node: mkpartfs19209 |
| Node: move20189 |
| Node: name21076 |
| Node: print21452 |
| Node: quit22341 |
| Node: rescue22836 |
| Node: resize24361 |
| Node: rm25580 |
| Node: select26477 |
| Node: set26946 |
| Node: unit28987 |
| Node: Related information32535 |
| Node: Copying This Manual33358 |
| Node: GNU Free Documentation License33602 |
| Node: History53479 |
| Node: Index54276 |
| |
| End Tag Table |