| .TH IP\-ROUTE 8 "13 Dec 2012" "iproute2" "Linux" |
| .SH "NAME" |
| ip-route \- routing table management |
| .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| .sp |
| .ad l |
| .in +8 |
| .ti -8 |
| .B ip |
| .RI "[ " ip-OPTIONS " ]" |
| .B route |
| .RI " { " COMMAND " | " |
| .BR help " }" |
| .sp |
| .ti -8 |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .BR "ip route" " { " |
| .BR list " | " flush " } " |
| .I SELECTOR |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .BR "ip route save" |
| .I SELECTOR |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .BR "ip route restore" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .B ip route get |
| .IR ADDRESS " [ " |
| .BI from " ADDRESS " iif " STRING" |
| .RB " ] [ " oif |
| .IR STRING " ] [ " |
| .B tos |
| .IR TOS " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .BR "ip route" " { " add " | " del " | " change " | " append " | "\ |
| replace " } " |
| .I ROUTE |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR SELECTOR " := " |
| .RB "[ " root |
| .IR PREFIX " ] [ " |
| .B match |
| .IR PREFIX " ] [ " |
| .B exact |
| .IR PREFIX " ] [ " |
| .B table |
| .IR TABLE_ID " ] [ " |
| .B proto |
| .IR RTPROTO " ] [ " |
| .B type |
| .IR TYPE " ] [ " |
| .B scope |
| .IR SCOPE " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR ROUTE " := " NODE_SPEC " [ " INFO_SPEC " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR NODE_SPEC " := [ " TYPE " ] " PREFIX " [" |
| .B tos |
| .IR TOS " ] [ " |
| .B table |
| .IR TABLE_ID " ] [ " |
| .B proto |
| .IR RTPROTO " ] [ " |
| .B scope |
| .IR SCOPE " ] [ " |
| .B metric |
| .IR METRIC " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR INFO_SPEC " := " "NH OPTIONS FLAGS" " [" |
| .B nexthop |
| .IR NH " ] ..." |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR NH " := [ " |
| .B encap |
| .IR ENCAP " ] [ " |
| .B via |
| [ |
| .IR FAMILY " ] " ADDRESS " ] [ " |
| .B dev |
| .IR STRING " ] [ " |
| .B weight |
| .IR NUMBER " ] " NHFLAGS |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR FAMILY " := [ " |
| .BR inet " | " inet6 " | " ipx " | " dnet " | " mpls " | " bridge " | " link " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR OPTIONS " := " FLAGS " [ " |
| .B mtu |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B advmss |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B as |
| [ |
| .B to |
| ] |
| .IR ADDRESS " ]" |
| .B rtt |
| .IR TIME " ] [ " |
| .B rttvar |
| .IR TIME " ] [ " |
| .B reordering |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B window |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B cwnd |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B ssthresh |
| .IR REALM " ] [ " |
| .B realms |
| .IR REALM " ] [ " |
| .B rto_min |
| .IR TIME " ] [ " |
| .B initcwnd |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B initrwnd |
| .IR NUMBER " ] [ " |
| .B features |
| .IR FEATURES " ] [ " |
| .B quickack |
| .IR BOOL " ] [ " |
| .B congctl |
| .IR NAME " ] [ " |
| .B pref |
| .IR PREF " ] [ " |
| .B expires |
| .IR TIME " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR TYPE " := [ " |
| .BR unicast " | " local " | " broadcast " | " multicast " | "\ |
| throw " | " unreachable " | " prohibit " | " blackhole " | " nat " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR TABLE_ID " := [ " |
| .BR local "| " main " | " default " | " all " |" |
| .IR NUMBER " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR SCOPE " := [ " |
| .BR host " | " link " | " global " |" |
| .IR NUMBER " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR NHFLAGS " := [ " |
| .BR onlink " | " pervasive " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR RTPROTO " := [ " |
| .BR kernel " | " boot " | " static " |" |
| .IR NUMBER " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR FEATURES " := [ " |
| .BR ecn " | ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR PREF " := [ " |
| .BR low " | " medium " | " high " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR ENCAP " := [ " |
| .IR MPLS " | " IP " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR ENCAP_MPLS " := " |
| .BR mpls " [ " |
| .IR LABEL " ]" |
| |
| .ti -8 |
| .IR ENCAP_IP " := " |
| .B ip |
| .B id |
| .IR TUNNEL_ID |
| .B dst |
| .IR REMOTE_IP " [ " |
| .B tos |
| .IR TOS " ] [" |
| .B ttl |
| .IR TTL " ]" |
| |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| .B ip route |
| is used to manipulate entries in the kernel routing tables. |
| .sp |
| .B Route types: |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .B unicast |
| - the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered |
| by the route prefix. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B unreachable |
| - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the |
| ICMP message |
| .I host unreachable |
| is generated. |
| The local senders get an |
| .I EHOSTUNREACH |
| error. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B blackhole |
| - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. |
| The local senders get an |
| .I EINVAL |
| error. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B prohibit |
| - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the |
| ICMP message |
| .I communication administratively prohibited |
| is generated. The local senders get an |
| .I EACCES |
| error. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B local |
| - the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped |
| back and delivered locally. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B broadcast |
| - the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as |
| link broadcasts. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B throw |
| - a special control route used together with policy rules. If such a |
| route is selected, lookup in this table is terminated pretending that |
| no route was found. Without policy routing it is equivalent to the |
| absence of the route in the routing table. The packets are dropped |
| and the ICMP message |
| .I net unreachable |
| is generated. The local senders get an |
| .I ENETUNREACH |
| error. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B nat |
| - a special NAT route. Destinations covered by the prefix |
| are considered to be dummy (or external) addresses which require translation |
| to real (or internal) ones before forwarding. The addresses to translate to |
| are selected with the attribute |
| .BR "via" . |
| .B Warning: |
| Route NAT is no longer supported in Linux 2.6. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B anycast |
| .RI "- " "not implemented" |
| the destinations are |
| .I anycast |
| addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent |
| to |
| .B local |
| with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used |
| as the source address of any packet. |
| |
| .sp |
| .B multicast |
| - a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in |
| normal routing tables. |
| .in -8 |
| |
| .P |
| .B Route tables: |
| Linux-2.x can pack routes into several routing tables identified |
| by a number in the range from 1 to 2^31 or by name from the file |
| .B @SYSCONFDIR@/rt_tables |
| By default all normal routes are inserted into the |
| .B main |
| table (ID 254) and the kernel only uses this table when calculating routes. |
| Values (0, 253, 254, and 255) are reserved for built-in use. |
| |
| .sp |
| Actually, one other table always exists, which is invisible but |
| even more important. It is the |
| .B local |
| table (ID 255). This table |
| consists of routes for local and broadcast addresses. The kernel maintains |
| this table automatically and the administrator usually need not modify it |
| or even look at it. |
| |
| The multiple routing tables enter the game when |
| .I policy routing |
| is used. |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route add |
| add new route |
| .TP |
| ip route change |
| change route |
| .TP |
| ip route replace |
| change or add new one |
| .RS |
| .TP |
| .BI to " TYPE PREFIX " (default) |
| the destination prefix of the route. If |
| .I TYPE |
| is omitted, |
| .B ip |
| assumes type |
| .BR "unicast" . |
| Other values of |
| .I TYPE |
| are listed above. |
| .I PREFIX |
| is an IP or IPv6 address optionally followed by a slash and the |
| prefix length. If the length of the prefix is missing, |
| .B ip |
| assumes a full-length host route. There is also a special |
| .I PREFIX |
| .B default |
| - which is equivalent to IP |
| .B 0/0 |
| or to IPv6 |
| .BR "::/0" . |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI tos " TOS" |
| .TP |
| .BI dsfield " TOS" |
| the Type Of Service (TOS) key. This key has no associated mask and |
| the longest match is understood as: First, compare the TOS |
| of the route and of the packet. If they are not equal, then the packet |
| may still match a route with a zero TOS. |
| .I TOS |
| is either an 8 bit hexadecimal number or an identifier |
| from |
| .BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/rt_dsfield" . |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI metric " NUMBER" |
| .TP |
| .BI preference " NUMBER" |
| the preference value of the route. |
| .I NUMBER |
| is an arbitrary 32bit number. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI table " TABLEID" |
| the table to add this route to. |
| .I TABLEID |
| may be a number or a string from the file |
| .BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/rt_tables" . |
| If this parameter is omitted, |
| .B ip |
| assumes the |
| .B main |
| table, with the exception of |
| .BR local ", " broadcast " and " nat |
| routes, which are put into the |
| .B local |
| table by default. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI dev " NAME" |
| the output device name. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI via " [ FAMILY ] ADDRESS" |
| the address of the nexthop router, in the address family FAMILY. |
| Actually, the sense of this field depends on the route type. For |
| normal |
| .B unicast |
| routes it is either the true next hop router or, if it is a direct |
| route installed in BSD compatibility mode, it can be a local address |
| of the interface. For NAT routes it is the first address of the block |
| of translated IP destinations. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI src " ADDRESS" |
| the source address to prefer when sending to the destinations |
| covered by the route prefix. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI realm " REALMID" |
| the realm to which this route is assigned. |
| .I REALMID |
| may be a number or a string from the file |
| .BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/rt_realms" . |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI mtu " MTU" |
| .TP |
| .BI "mtu lock" " MTU" |
| the MTU along the path to the destination. If the modifier |
| .B lock |
| is not used, the MTU may be updated by the kernel due to |
| Path MTU Discovery. If the modifier |
| .B lock |
| is used, no path MTU discovery will be tried, all packets |
| will be sent without the DF bit in IPv4 case or fragmented |
| to MTU for IPv6. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI window " NUMBER" |
| the maximal window for TCP to advertise to these destinations, |
| measured in bytes. It limits maximal data bursts that our TCP |
| peers are allowed to send to us. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI rtt " TIME" |
| the initial RTT ('Round Trip Time') estimate. If no suffix is |
| specified the units are raw values passed directly to the |
| routing code to maintain compatibility with previous releases. |
| Otherwise if a suffix of s, sec or secs is used to specify |
| seconds and ms, msec or msecs to specify milliseconds. |
| |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI rttvar " TIME " "(2.3.15+ only)" |
| the initial RTT variance estimate. Values are specified as with |
| .BI rtt |
| above. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI rto_min " TIME " "(2.6.23+ only)" |
| the minimum TCP Retransmission TimeOut to use when communicating with this |
| destination. Values are specified as with |
| .BI rtt |
| above. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI ssthresh " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)" |
| an estimate for the initial slow start threshold. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI cwnd " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)" |
| the clamp for congestion window. It is ignored if the |
| .B lock |
| flag is not used. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI initcwnd " NUMBER " "(2.5.70+ only)" |
| the initial congestion window size for connections to this destination. |
| Actual window size is this value multiplied by the MSS |
| (``Maximal Segment Size'') for same connection. The default is |
| zero, meaning to use the values specified in RFC2414. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI initrwnd " NUMBER " "(2.6.33+ only)" |
| the initial receive window size for connections to this destination. |
| Actual window size is this value multiplied by the MSS of the connection. |
| The default value is zero, meaning to use Slow Start value. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI features " FEATURES " (3.18+ only) |
| Enable or disable per-route features. Only available feature at this |
| time is |
| .B ecn |
| to enable explicit congestion notification when initiating connections to the |
| given destination network. |
| When responding to a connection request from the given network, ecn will |
| also be used even if the |
| .B net.ipv4.tcp_ecn |
| sysctl is set to 0. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI quickack " BOOL " "(3.11+ only)" |
| Enable or disable quick ack for connections to this destination. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI congctl " NAME " "(3.20+ only)" |
| .TP |
| .BI "congctl lock" " NAME " "(3.20+ only)" |
| Sets a specific TCP congestion control algorithm only for a given destination. |
| If not specified, Linux keeps the current global default TCP congestion control |
| algorithm, or the one set from the application. If the modifier |
| .B lock |
| is not used, an application may nevertheless overwrite the suggested congestion |
| control algorithm for that destination. If the modifier |
| .B lock |
| is used, then an application is not allowed to overwrite the specified congestion |
| control algorithm for that destination, thus it will be enforced/guaranteed to |
| use the proposed algorithm. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI advmss " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)" |
| the MSS ('Maximal Segment Size') to advertise to these |
| destinations when establishing TCP connections. If it is not given, |
| Linux uses a default value calculated from the first hop device MTU. |
| (If the path to these destination is asymmetric, this guess may be wrong.) |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI reordering " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)" |
| Maximal reordering on the path to this destination. |
| If it is not given, Linux uses the value selected with |
| .B sysctl |
| variable |
| .BR "net/ipv4/tcp_reordering" . |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI nexthop " NEXTHOP" |
| the nexthop of a multipath route. |
| .I NEXTHOP |
| is a complex value with its own syntax similar to the top level |
| argument lists: |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .BI via " [ FAMILY ] ADDRESS" |
| - is the nexthop router. |
| .sp |
| |
| .BI dev " NAME" |
| - is the output device. |
| .sp |
| |
| .BI weight " NUMBER" |
| - is a weight for this element of a multipath |
| route reflecting its relative bandwidth or quality. |
| .in -8 |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI scope " SCOPE_VAL" |
| the scope of the destinations covered by the route prefix. |
| .I SCOPE_VAL |
| may be a number or a string from the file |
| .BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/rt_scopes" . |
| If this parameter is omitted, |
| .B ip |
| assumes scope |
| .B global |
| for all gatewayed |
| .B unicast |
| routes, scope |
| .B link |
| for direct |
| .BR unicast " and " broadcast |
| routes and scope |
| .BR host " for " local |
| routes. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI protocol " RTPROTO" |
| the routing protocol identifier of this route. |
| .I RTPROTO |
| may be a number or a string from the file |
| .BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/rt_protos" . |
| If the routing protocol ID is not given, |
| .B ip assumes protocol |
| .B boot |
| (i.e. it assumes the route was added by someone who doesn't |
| understand what they are doing). Several protocol values have |
| a fixed interpretation. |
| Namely: |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .B redirect |
| - the route was installed due to an ICMP redirect. |
| .sp |
| |
| .B kernel |
| - the route was installed by the kernel during autoconfiguration. |
| .sp |
| |
| .B boot |
| - the route was installed during the bootup sequence. |
| If a routing daemon starts, it will purge all of them. |
| .sp |
| |
| .B static |
| - the route was installed by the administrator |
| to override dynamic routing. Routing daemon will respect them |
| and, probably, even advertise them to its peers. |
| .sp |
| |
| .B ra |
| - the route was installed by Router Discovery protocol. |
| .in -8 |
| |
| .sp |
| The rest of the values are not reserved and the administrator is free |
| to assign (or not to assign) protocol tags. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B onlink |
| pretend that the nexthop is directly attached to this link, |
| even if it does not match any interface prefix. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI pref " PREF" |
| the IPv6 route preference. |
| .I PREF |
| is a string specifying the route preference as defined in RFC4191 for Router |
| Discovery messages. Namely: |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .B low |
| - the route has a lowest priority |
| .sp |
| |
| .B medium |
| - the route has a default priority |
| .sp |
| |
| .B high |
| - the route has a highest priority |
| .sp |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI encap " ENCAPTYPE ENCAPHDR" |
| attach tunnel encapsulation attributes to this route. |
| .sp |
| .I ENCAPTYPE |
| is a string specifying the supported encapsulation type. Namely: |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .BI mpls |
| - encapsulation type MPLS |
| .sp |
| .BI ip |
| - IP encapsulation (Geneve, GRE, VXLAN, ...) |
| .sp |
| |
| .in -8 |
| .I ENCAPHDR |
| is a set of encapsulation attributes specific to the |
| .I ENCAPTYPE. |
| |
| .in +8 |
| .B mpls |
| .in +2 |
| .I MPLSLABEL |
| - mpls label stack with labels separated by |
| .I "/" |
| .in -2 |
| .sp |
| |
| .B ip |
| .in +2 |
| .B id |
| .I TUNNEL_ID |
| .B dst |
| .IR REMOTE_IP " [ " |
| .B tos |
| .IR TOS " ] [" |
| .B ttl |
| .IR TTL " ]" |
| .in -2 |
| .sp |
| |
| .in -8 |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI expires " TIME " "(4.4+ only)" |
| the route will be deleted after the expires time. |
| .B Only |
| support IPv6 at present. |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route delete |
| delete route |
| .RS |
| .B ip route del |
| has the same arguments as |
| .BR "ip route add" , |
| but their semantics are a bit different. |
| |
| Key values |
| .RB "(" to ", " tos ", " preference " and " table ")" |
| select the route to delete. If optional attributes are present, |
| .B ip |
| verifies that they coincide with the attributes of the route to delete. |
| If no route with the given key and attributes was found, |
| .B ip route del |
| fails. |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route show |
| list routes |
| .RS |
| the command displays the contents of the routing tables or the route(s) |
| selected by some criteria. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI to " SELECTOR " (default) |
| only select routes from the given range of destinations. |
| .I SELECTOR |
| consists of an optional modifier |
| .RB "(" root ", " match " or " exact ")" |
| and a prefix. |
| .BI root " PREFIX" |
| selects routes with prefixes not shorter than |
| .IR PREFIX "." |
| F.e. |
| .BI root " 0/0" |
| selects the entire routing table. |
| .BI match " PREFIX" |
| selects routes with prefixes not longer than |
| .IR PREFIX "." |
| F.e. |
| .BI match " 10.0/16" |
| selects |
| .IR 10.0/16 "," |
| .IR 10/8 " and " 0/0 , |
| but it does not select |
| .IR 10.1/16 " and " 10.0.0/24 . |
| And |
| .BI exact " PREFIX" |
| (or just |
| .IR PREFIX ")" |
| selects routes with this exact prefix. If neither of these options |
| are present, |
| .B ip |
| assumes |
| .BI root " 0/0" |
| i.e. it lists the entire table. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI tos " TOS" |
| .TP |
| .BI dsfield " TOS" |
| only select routes with the given TOS. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI table " TABLEID" |
| show the routes from this table(s). The default setting is to show table |
| .BR main "." |
| .I TABLEID |
| may either be the ID of a real table or one of the special values: |
| .sp |
| .in +8 |
| .B all |
| - list all of the tables. |
| .sp |
| .B cache |
| - dump the routing cache. |
| .in -8 |
| |
| .TP |
| .B cloned |
| .TP |
| .B cached |
| list cloned routes i.e. routes which were dynamically forked from |
| other routes because some route attribute (f.e. MTU) was updated. |
| Actually, it is equivalent to |
| .BR "table cache" "." |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI from " SELECTOR" |
| the same syntax as for |
| .BR to "," |
| but it binds the source address range rather than destinations. |
| Note that the |
| .B from |
| option only works with cloned routes. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI protocol " RTPROTO" |
| only list routes of this protocol. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI scope " SCOPE_VAL" |
| only list routes with this scope. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI type " TYPE" |
| only list routes of this type. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI dev " NAME" |
| only list routes going via this device. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI via " [ FAMILY ] PREFIX" |
| only list routes going via the nexthop routers selected by |
| .IR PREFIX "." |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI src " PREFIX" |
| only list routes with preferred source addresses selected |
| by |
| .IR PREFIX "." |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI realm " REALMID" |
| .TP |
| .BI realms " FROMREALM/TOREALM" |
| only list routes with these realms. |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route flush |
| flush routing tables |
| .RS |
| this command flushes routes selected by some criteria. |
| |
| .sp |
| The arguments have the same syntax and semantics as the arguments of |
| .BR "ip route show" , |
| but routing tables are not listed but purged. The only difference is |
| the default action: |
| .B show |
| dumps all the IP main routing table but |
| .B flush |
| prints the helper page. |
| |
| .sp |
| With the |
| .B -statistics |
| option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of |
| deleted routes and the number of rounds made to flush the routing |
| table. If the option is given |
| twice, |
| .B ip route flush |
| also dumps all the deleted routes in the format described in the |
| previous subsection. |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route get |
| get a single route |
| .RS |
| this command gets a single route to a destination and prints its |
| contents exactly as the kernel sees it. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI to " ADDRESS " (default) |
| the destination address. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI from " ADDRESS" |
| the source address. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI tos " TOS" |
| .TP |
| .BI dsfield " TOS" |
| the Type Of Service. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI iif " NAME" |
| the device from which this packet is expected to arrive. |
| |
| .TP |
| .BI oif " NAME" |
| force the output device on which this packet will be routed. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B connected |
| if no source address |
| .RB "(option " from ")" |
| was given, relookup the route with the source set to the preferred |
| address received from the first lookup. |
| If policy routing is used, it may be a different route. |
| |
| .P |
| Note that this operation is not equivalent to |
| .BR "ip route show" . |
| .B show |
| shows existing routes. |
| .B get |
| resolves them and creates new clones if necessary. Essentially, |
| .B get |
| is equivalent to sending a packet along this path. |
| If the |
| .B iif |
| argument is not given, the kernel creates a route |
| to output packets towards the requested destination. |
| This is equivalent to pinging the destination |
| with a subsequent |
| .BR "ip route ls cache" , |
| however, no packets are actually sent. With the |
| .B iif |
| argument, the kernel pretends that a packet arrived from this interface |
| and searches for a path to forward the packet. |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route save |
| save routing table information to stdout |
| .RS |
| This command behaves like |
| .BR "ip route show" |
| except that the output is raw data suitable for passing to |
| .BR "ip route restore" . |
| .RE |
| |
| .TP |
| ip route restore |
| restore routing table information from stdin |
| .RS |
| This command expects to read a data stream as returned from |
| .BR "ip route save" . |
| It will attempt to restore the routing table information exactly as |
| it was at the time of the save, so any translation of information |
| in the stream (such as device indexes) must be done first. Any existing |
| routes are left unchanged. Any routes specified in the data stream that |
| already exist in the table will be ignored. |
| .RE |
| |
| .SH EXAMPLES |
| .PP |
| ip ro |
| .RS 4 |
| Show all route entries in the kernel. |
| .RE |
| .PP |
| ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 |
| .RS 4 |
| Adds a default route (for all addresses) via the local gateway 192.168.1.1 that can |
| be reached on device eth0. |
| .RE |
| .PP |
| ip route add 10.1.1.0/30 encap mpls 200/300 via 10.1.1.1 dev eth0 |
| .RS 4 |
| Adds an ipv4 route with mpls encapsulation attributes attached to it. |
| .RE |
| .SH SEE ALSO |
| .br |
| .BR ip (8) |
| |
| .SH AUTHOR |
| Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <mci@owl.openwall.com> |