blob: a86ba1413e42445ca7328f03cd29dfe19618fe74 [file] [log] [blame]
/*
This file is part of libmicrohttpd
Copyright (C) 2007 Christian Grothoff
Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Evgeny Grin (Karlson2k)
libmicrohttpd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
option) any later version.
libmicrohttpd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with libmicrohttpd; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
/**
* @file test_get_chunked.c
* @brief Testcase for libmicrohttpd GET operations with chunked content encoding
* @author Christian Grothoff
* @author Karlson2k (Evgeny Grin)
*/
#include "MHD_config.h"
#include "platform.h"
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <microhttpd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifndef WINDOWS
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include "mhd_has_in_name.h"
#if defined(MHD_CPU_COUNT) && (MHD_CPU_COUNT + 0) < 2
#undef MHD_CPU_COUNT
#endif
#if ! defined(MHD_CPU_COUNT)
#define MHD_CPU_COUNT 2
#endif
#define HDR_CHUNKED_ENCODING MHD_HTTP_HEADER_TRANSFER_ENCODING ": chunked"
#define RESP_FOOTER_NAME "Footer"
#define RESP_FOOTER_VALUE "working"
#define RESP_FOOTER RESP_FOOTER_NAME ": " RESP_FOOTER_VALUE
#define RESP_BLOCK_SIZE 128
#define RESP_BLOCK_QUANTIY 10
#define RESP_SIZE (RESP_BLOCK_SIZE * RESP_BLOCK_QUANTIY)
/**
* Use "Connection: close" header?
*/
int conn_close;
/**
* Use static string response instead of callback-generated?
*/
int resp_string;
/**
* Use response with known size?
*/
int resp_sized;
/**
* Use empty (zero-sized) response?
*/
int resp_empty;
/**
* Force chunked response by response header?
*/
int chunked_forced;
/**
* MHD port used for testing
*/
uint16_t port_global;
struct headers_check_result
{
int found_chunked;
int found_footer;
};
static size_t
lcurl_hdr_callback (char *buffer, size_t size, size_t nitems,
void *userdata)
{
const size_t data_size = size * nitems;
struct headers_check_result *check_res =
(struct headers_check_result *) userdata;
if ((data_size == strlen (HDR_CHUNKED_ENCODING) + 2) &&
(0 == memcmp (buffer, HDR_CHUNKED_ENCODING "\r\n", data_size)))
check_res->found_chunked = 1;
if ((data_size == strlen (RESP_FOOTER) + 2) &&
(0 == memcmp (buffer, RESP_FOOTER "\r\n", data_size)))
check_res->found_footer = 1;
return data_size;
}
struct CBC
{
char *buf;
size_t pos;
size_t size;
};
static size_t
copyBuffer (void *ptr,
size_t size,
size_t nmemb,
void *ctx)
{
struct CBC *cbc = ctx;
if (cbc->pos + size * nmemb > cbc->size)
return 0; /* overflow */
memcpy (&cbc->buf[cbc->pos], ptr, size * nmemb);
cbc->pos += size * nmemb;
return size * nmemb;
}
/**
* MHD content reader callback that returns data in chunks.
*/
static ssize_t
crc (void *cls,
uint64_t pos,
char *buf,
size_t max)
{
struct MHD_Response **responseptr = cls;
if (resp_empty || (pos == RESP_SIZE - RESP_BLOCK_SIZE))
{ /* Add footer with the last block */
if (MHD_YES != MHD_add_response_footer (*responseptr,
RESP_FOOTER_NAME,
RESP_FOOTER_VALUE))
abort ();
}
if (resp_empty || (pos == RESP_SIZE))
return MHD_CONTENT_READER_END_OF_STREAM;
if (max < RESP_BLOCK_SIZE)
abort (); /* should not happen in this testcase... */
memset (buf,
'A' + (char) (unsigned char) (pos / RESP_BLOCK_SIZE),
RESP_BLOCK_SIZE);
return RESP_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
/**
* Dummy function that frees the "responseptr".
*/
static void
crcf (void *ptr)
{
free (ptr);
}
static enum MHD_Result
ahc_echo (void *cls,
struct MHD_Connection *connection,
const char *url,
const char *method,
const char *version,
const char *upload_data, size_t *upload_data_size, void **req_cls)
{
static int aptr;
struct MHD_Response *response;
enum MHD_Result ret;
(void) cls;
(void) url;
(void) version; /* Unused. Silent compiler warning. */
(void) upload_data;
(void) upload_data_size; /* Unused. Silent compiler warning. */
if (0 != strcmp (MHD_HTTP_METHOD_GET, method))
return MHD_NO; /* unexpected method */
if (&aptr != *req_cls)
{
/* do never respond on first call */
*req_cls = &aptr;
return MHD_YES;
}
if (! resp_string)
{
struct MHD_Response **responseptr;
responseptr = malloc (sizeof (struct MHD_Response *));
if (NULL == responseptr)
_exit (99);
response = MHD_create_response_from_callback (resp_sized ?
RESP_SIZE : MHD_SIZE_UNKNOWN,
1024,
&crc,
responseptr,
&crcf);
*responseptr = response;
}
else
{
if (! resp_empty)
{
size_t pos;
static const size_t resp_size = RESP_SIZE;
char *buf = malloc (resp_size);
if (NULL == buf)
_exit (99);
for (pos = 0; pos < resp_size; pos += RESP_BLOCK_SIZE)
memset (buf + pos,
'A' + (char) (unsigned char) (pos / RESP_BLOCK_SIZE),
RESP_BLOCK_SIZE);
response = MHD_create_response_from_buffer_copy (resp_size, buf);
free (buf);
}
else
response = MHD_create_response_empty (MHD_RF_NONE);
}
if (NULL == response)
abort ();
if (chunked_forced)
{
if (MHD_NO == MHD_add_response_header (response,
MHD_HTTP_HEADER_TRANSFER_ENCODING,
"chunked"))
abort ();
}
if (MHD_NO == MHD_add_response_header (response,
MHD_HTTP_HEADER_TRAILER,
RESP_FOOTER_NAME))
abort ();
if (resp_string || (resp_sized && resp_empty))
{
/* There is no chance to add footer later */
if (MHD_YES != MHD_add_response_footer (response,
RESP_FOOTER_NAME,
RESP_FOOTER_VALUE))
abort ();
}
ret = MHD_queue_response (connection,
MHD_HTTP_OK,
response);
MHD_destroy_response (response);
return ret;
}
static unsigned int
validate (struct CBC cbc, unsigned int ebase)
{
int i;
char buf[RESP_BLOCK_SIZE];
if (resp_empty)
{
if (0 != cbc.pos)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Got %u bytes instead of zero!\n",
(unsigned int) cbc.pos);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
if (cbc.pos != RESP_SIZE)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Got %u bytes instead of 1280!\n",
(unsigned int) cbc.pos);
return ebase;
}
for (i = 0; i < RESP_BLOCK_QUANTIY; i++)
{
memset (buf, 'A' + i, RESP_BLOCK_SIZE);
if (0 != memcmp (buf, &cbc.buf[i * RESP_BLOCK_SIZE], RESP_BLOCK_SIZE))
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Got `%.*s'\nWant `%.*s'\n",
RESP_BLOCK_SIZE, &cbc.buf[i * RESP_BLOCK_SIZE],
RESP_BLOCK_SIZE, buf);
return ebase * 2;
}
}
return 0;
}
static unsigned int
testInternalGet (void)
{
struct MHD_Daemon *d;
CURL *c;
char buf[2048];
struct CBC cbc;
CURLcode errornum;
uint16_t port;
struct curl_slist *h_list = NULL;
struct headers_check_result hdr_check;
port = port_global;
cbc.buf = buf;
cbc.size = 2048;
cbc.pos = 0;
d = MHD_start_daemon (MHD_USE_INTERNAL_POLLING_THREAD | MHD_USE_ERROR_LOG,
port, NULL, NULL, &ahc_echo, NULL, MHD_OPTION_END);
if (d == NULL)
return 1;
if (0 == port)
{
const union MHD_DaemonInfo *dinfo;
dinfo = MHD_get_daemon_info (d, MHD_DAEMON_INFO_BIND_PORT);
if ((NULL == dinfo) || (0 == dinfo->port) )
{
MHD_stop_daemon (d); return 32;
}
port = dinfo->port;
if (0 == port_global)
port_global = port; /* Re-use the same port for all checks */
}
hdr_check.found_chunked = 0;
hdr_check.found_footer = 0;
c = curl_easy_init ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_URL, "http://127.0.0.1/hello_world");
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_PORT, (long) port);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &copyBuffer);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &cbc);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, lcurl_hdr_callback);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &hdr_check);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
if (conn_close)
{
h_list = curl_slist_append (h_list, "Connection: close");
if (NULL == h_list)
abort ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, h_list);
}
if (CURLE_OK != (errornum = curl_easy_perform (c)))
{
fprintf (stderr,
"curl_easy_perform failed: `%s'\n",
curl_easy_strerror (errornum));
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 2;
}
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
if (1 != hdr_check.found_chunked)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Chunked encoding header was not found in the response\n");
return 8;
}
if (1 != hdr_check.found_footer)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"The specified footer was not found in the response\n");
return 16;
}
return validate (cbc, 4);
}
static unsigned int
testMultithreadedGet (void)
{
struct MHD_Daemon *d;
CURL *c;
char buf[2048];
struct CBC cbc;
CURLcode errornum;
uint16_t port;
struct curl_slist *h_list = NULL;
struct headers_check_result hdr_check;
port = port_global;
cbc.buf = buf;
cbc.size = 2048;
cbc.pos = 0;
d = MHD_start_daemon (MHD_USE_THREAD_PER_CONNECTION
| MHD_USE_INTERNAL_POLLING_THREAD | MHD_USE_ERROR_LOG,
port, NULL, NULL, &ahc_echo, NULL, MHD_OPTION_END);
if (d == NULL)
return 16;
if (0 == port)
{
const union MHD_DaemonInfo *dinfo;
dinfo = MHD_get_daemon_info (d, MHD_DAEMON_INFO_BIND_PORT);
if ((NULL == dinfo) || (0 == dinfo->port) )
{
MHD_stop_daemon (d); return 32;
}
port = dinfo->port;
if (0 == port_global)
port_global = port; /* Re-use the same port for all checks */
}
c = curl_easy_init ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_URL, "http://127.0.0.1/hello_world");
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_PORT, (long) port);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &copyBuffer);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &cbc);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
hdr_check.found_chunked = 0;
hdr_check.found_footer = 0;
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, lcurl_hdr_callback);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &hdr_check);
if (conn_close)
{
h_list = curl_slist_append (h_list, "Connection: close");
if (NULL == h_list)
abort ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, h_list);
}
if (CURLE_OK != (errornum = curl_easy_perform (c)))
{
fprintf (stderr,
"curl_easy_perform failed: `%s'\n",
curl_easy_strerror (errornum));
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 32;
}
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
if (1 != hdr_check.found_chunked)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Chunked encoding header was not found in the response\n");
return 8;
}
if (1 != hdr_check.found_footer)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"The specified footer was not found in the response\n");
return 16;
}
return validate (cbc, 64);
}
static unsigned int
testMultithreadedPoolGet (void)
{
struct MHD_Daemon *d;
CURL *c;
char buf[2048];
struct CBC cbc;
CURLcode errornum;
uint16_t port;
struct curl_slist *h_list = NULL;
struct headers_check_result hdr_check;
port = port_global;
cbc.buf = buf;
cbc.size = 2048;
cbc.pos = 0;
d = MHD_start_daemon (MHD_USE_INTERNAL_POLLING_THREAD | MHD_USE_ERROR_LOG,
port, NULL, NULL, &ahc_echo, NULL,
MHD_OPTION_THREAD_POOL_SIZE, MHD_CPU_COUNT,
MHD_OPTION_END);
if (d == NULL)
return 16;
if (0 == port)
{
const union MHD_DaemonInfo *dinfo;
dinfo = MHD_get_daemon_info (d, MHD_DAEMON_INFO_BIND_PORT);
if ((NULL == dinfo) || (0 == dinfo->port) )
{
MHD_stop_daemon (d); return 32;
}
port = dinfo->port;
if (0 == port_global)
port_global = port; /* Re-use the same port for all checks */
}
c = curl_easy_init ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_URL, "http://127.0.0.1/hello_world");
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_PORT, (long) port);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &copyBuffer);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &cbc);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
hdr_check.found_chunked = 0;
hdr_check.found_footer = 0;
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, lcurl_hdr_callback);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &hdr_check);
if (conn_close)
{
h_list = curl_slist_append (h_list, "Connection: close");
if (NULL == h_list)
abort ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, h_list);
}
if (CURLE_OK != (errornum = curl_easy_perform (c)))
{
fprintf (stderr,
"curl_easy_perform failed: `%s'\n",
curl_easy_strerror (errornum));
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 32;
}
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
if (1 != hdr_check.found_chunked)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Chunked encoding header was not found in the response\n");
return 8;
}
if (1 != hdr_check.found_footer)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"The specified footer was not found in the response\n");
return 16;
}
return validate (cbc, 64);
}
static unsigned int
testExternalGet (void)
{
struct MHD_Daemon *d;
CURL *c;
char buf[2048];
struct CBC cbc;
CURLM *multi;
CURLMcode mret;
fd_set rs;
fd_set ws;
fd_set es;
MHD_socket maxsock;
#ifdef MHD_WINSOCK_SOCKETS
int maxposixs; /* Max socket number unused on W32 */
#else /* MHD_POSIX_SOCKETS */
#define maxposixs maxsock
#endif /* MHD_POSIX_SOCKETS */
int running;
struct CURLMsg *msg;
time_t start;
struct timeval tv;
uint16_t port;
struct curl_slist *h_list = NULL;
struct headers_check_result hdr_check;
port = port_global;
multi = NULL;
cbc.buf = buf;
cbc.size = 2048;
cbc.pos = 0;
d = MHD_start_daemon (MHD_USE_ERROR_LOG,
port, NULL, NULL, &ahc_echo, NULL, MHD_OPTION_END);
if (d == NULL)
return 256;
if (0 == port)
{
const union MHD_DaemonInfo *dinfo;
dinfo = MHD_get_daemon_info (d, MHD_DAEMON_INFO_BIND_PORT);
if ((NULL == dinfo) || (0 == dinfo->port) )
{
MHD_stop_daemon (d); return 32;
}
port = dinfo->port;
if (0 == port_global)
port_global = port; /* Re-use the same port for all checks */
}
c = curl_easy_init ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_URL, "http://127.0.0.1/hello_world");
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_PORT, (long) port);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &copyBuffer);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &cbc);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 150L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
hdr_check.found_chunked = 0;
hdr_check.found_footer = 0;
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, lcurl_hdr_callback);
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &hdr_check);
if (conn_close)
{
h_list = curl_slist_append (h_list, "Connection: close");
if (NULL == h_list)
abort ();
curl_easy_setopt (c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, h_list);
}
multi = curl_multi_init ();
if (multi == NULL)
{
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 512;
}
mret = curl_multi_add_handle (multi, c);
if (mret != CURLM_OK)
{
curl_multi_cleanup (multi);
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 1024;
}
start = time (NULL);
while ((time (NULL) - start < 5) && (multi != NULL))
{
maxsock = MHD_INVALID_SOCKET;
maxposixs = -1;
FD_ZERO (&rs);
FD_ZERO (&ws);
FD_ZERO (&es);
curl_multi_perform (multi, &running);
mret = curl_multi_fdset (multi, &rs, &ws, &es, &maxposixs);
if (mret != CURLM_OK)
{
curl_multi_remove_handle (multi, c);
curl_multi_cleanup (multi);
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 2048;
}
if (MHD_YES != MHD_get_fdset (d, &rs, &ws, &es, &maxsock))
{
curl_multi_remove_handle (multi, c);
curl_multi_cleanup (multi);
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
return 4096;
}
tv.tv_sec = 0;
tv.tv_usec = 1000;
if (-1 == select (maxposixs + 1, &rs, &ws, &es, &tv))
{
#ifdef MHD_POSIX_SOCKETS
if (EINTR != errno)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Unexpected select() error: %d. Line: %d\n",
(int) errno, __LINE__);
fflush (stderr);
exit (99);
}
#else
if ((WSAEINVAL != WSAGetLastError ()) ||
(0 != rs.fd_count) || (0 != ws.fd_count) || (0 != es.fd_count) )
{
fprintf (stderr, "Unexpected select() error: %d. Line: %d\n",
(int) WSAGetLastError (), __LINE__);
fflush (stderr);
exit (99);
}
Sleep (1);
#endif
}
curl_multi_perform (multi, &running);
if (0 == running)
{
int pending;
int curl_fine = 0;
while (NULL != (msg = curl_multi_info_read (multi, &pending)))
{
if (msg->msg == CURLMSG_DONE)
{
if (msg->data.result == CURLE_OK)
curl_fine = 1;
else
{
fprintf (stderr,
"%s failed at %s:%d: `%s'\n",
"curl_multi_perform",
__FILE__,
__LINE__, curl_easy_strerror (msg->data.result));
abort ();
}
}
}
if (! curl_fine)
{
fprintf (stderr, "libcurl haven't returned OK code\n");
abort ();
}
curl_multi_remove_handle (multi, c);
curl_multi_cleanup (multi);
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
h_list = NULL;
c = NULL;
multi = NULL;
}
MHD_run (d);
}
MHD_stop_daemon (d);
if (multi != NULL)
{
curl_multi_remove_handle (multi, c);
curl_easy_cleanup (c);
curl_multi_cleanup (multi);
}
curl_slist_free_all (h_list);
if (1 != hdr_check.found_chunked)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Chunked encoding header was not found in the response\n");
return 8;
}
if (1 != hdr_check.found_footer)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"The specified footer was not found in the response\n");
return 16;
}
return validate (cbc, 8192);
}
int
main (int argc, char *const *argv)
{
unsigned int errorCount = 0;
(void) argc; (void) argv; /* Unused. Silent compiler warning. */
if (0 != curl_global_init (CURL_GLOBAL_WIN32))
return 2;
conn_close = has_in_name (argv[0], "_close");
resp_string = has_in_name (argv[0], "_string");
resp_sized = has_in_name (argv[0], "_sized");
resp_empty = has_in_name (argv[0], "_empty");
chunked_forced = has_in_name (argv[0], "_forced");
if (resp_string)
resp_sized = ! 0;
if (resp_sized)
chunked_forced = ! 0;
if (MHD_NO != MHD_is_feature_supported (MHD_FEATURE_AUTODETECT_BIND_PORT))
port_global = 0;
else
{
port_global = 4100;
if (conn_close)
port_global += 1 << 0;
if (resp_string)
port_global += 1 << 1;
if (resp_sized)
port_global += 1 << 2;
if (resp_empty)
port_global += 1 << 3;
if (chunked_forced)
port_global += 1 << 4;
}
if (MHD_YES == MHD_is_feature_supported (MHD_FEATURE_THREADS))
{
errorCount += testInternalGet ();
errorCount += testMultithreadedGet ();
errorCount += testMultithreadedPoolGet ();
}
errorCount += testExternalGet ();
if (errorCount != 0)
fprintf (stderr, "Error (code: %u)\n", errorCount);
curl_global_cleanup ();
return (0 == errorCount) ? 0 : 1; /* 0 == pass */
}