pppdump/bsd-comp.c

/* Because this code is derived from the 4.3BSD compress source:
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1985, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * James A. Woods, derived from original work by Spencer Thomas
 * and Joseph Orost.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * $Id: bsd-comp.c,v 1.4 2004/01/17 05:47:55 carlsonj Exp $
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "ppp_defs.h"
#include "ppp-comp.h"

#if DO_BSD_COMPRESS

/*
 * PPP "BSD compress" compression
 *  The differences between this compression and the classic BSD LZW
 *  source are obvious from the requirement that the classic code worked
 *  with files while this handles arbitrarily long streams that
 *  are broken into packets.  They are:
 *
 *	When the code size expands, a block of junk is not emitted by
 *	    the compressor and not expected by the decompressor.
 *
 *	New codes are not necessarily assigned every time an old
 *	    code is output by the compressor.  This is because a packet
 *	    end forces a code to be emitted, but does not imply that a
 *	    new sequence has been seen.
 *
 *	The compression ratio is checked at the first end of a packet
 *	    after the appropriate gap.	Besides simplifying and speeding
 *	    things up, this makes it more likely that the transmitter
 *	    and receiver will agree when the dictionary is cleared when
 *	    compression is not going well.
 */

/*
 * A dictionary for doing BSD compress.
 */
struct bsd_db {
    int	    totlen;			/* length of this structure */
    u_int   hsize;			/* size of the hash table */
    u_char  hshift;			/* used in hash function */
    u_char  n_bits;			/* current bits/code */
    u_char  maxbits;
    u_char  debug;
    u_char  unit;
    u_short seqno;			/* sequence number of next packet */
    u_int   hdrlen;			/* header length to preallocate */
    u_int   mru;
    u_int   maxmaxcode;			/* largest valid code */
    u_int   max_ent;			/* largest code in use */
    u_int   in_count;			/* uncompressed bytes, aged */
    u_int   bytes_out;			/* compressed bytes, aged */
    u_int   ratio;			/* recent compression ratio */
    u_int   checkpoint;			/* when to next check the ratio */
    u_int   clear_count;		/* times dictionary cleared */
    u_int   incomp_count;		/* incompressible packets */
    u_int   incomp_bytes;		/* incompressible bytes */
    u_int   uncomp_count;		/* uncompressed packets */
    u_int   uncomp_bytes;		/* uncompressed bytes */
    u_int   comp_count;			/* compressed packets */
    u_int   comp_bytes;			/* compressed bytes */
    u_short *lens;			/* array of lengths of codes */
    struct bsd_dict {
	union {				/* hash value */
	    u_int32_t	fcode;
	    struct {
#ifdef BSD_LITTLE_ENDIAN
		u_short prefix;		/* preceding code */
		u_char	suffix;		/* last character of new code */
		u_char	pad;
#else
		u_char	pad;
		u_char	suffix;		/* last character of new code */
		u_short prefix;		/* preceding code */
#endif
	    } hs;
	} f;
	u_short codem1;			/* output of hash table -1 */
	u_short cptr;			/* map code to hash table entry */
    } dict[1];
};

#define BSD_OVHD	2		/* BSD compress overhead/packet */
#define BSD_INIT_BITS	BSD_MIN_BITS

static void	*bsd_decomp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len);
static void	bsd_free(void *state);
static int	bsd_decomp_init(void *state, u_char *options, int opt_len,
				int unit, int hdrlen, int mru, int debug);
static void	bsd_incomp(void *state, u_char *dmsg, int len);
static int	bsd_decompress(void *state, u_char *cmp, int inlen,
			       u_char *dmp, int *outlen);
static void	bsd_reset(void *state);
static void	bsd_comp_stats(void *state, struct compstat *stats);

/*
 * Exported procedures.
 */
struct compressor ppp_bsd_compress = {
    CI_BSD_COMPRESS,		/* compress_proto */
    bsd_decomp_alloc,		/* decomp_alloc */
    bsd_free,			/* decomp_free */
    bsd_decomp_init,		/* decomp_init */
    bsd_reset,			/* decomp_reset */
    bsd_decompress,		/* decompress */
    bsd_incomp,			/* incomp */
    bsd_comp_stats,		/* decomp_stat */
};

/*
 * the next two codes should not be changed lightly, as they must not
 * lie within the contiguous general code space.
 */
#define CLEAR	256			/* table clear output code */
#define FIRST	257			/* first free entry */
#define LAST	255

#define MAXCODE(b)	((1 << (b)) - 1)
#define BADCODEM1	MAXCODE(BSD_MAX_BITS)

#define BSD_HASH(prefix,suffix,hshift)	((((u_int32_t)(suffix)) << (hshift)) \
					 ^ (u_int32_t)(prefix))
#define BSD_KEY(prefix,suffix)		((((u_int32_t)(suffix)) << 16) \
					 + (u_int32_t)(prefix))

#define CHECK_GAP	10000		/* Ratio check interval */

#define RATIO_SCALE_LOG	8
#define RATIO_SCALE	(1<<RATIO_SCALE_LOG)
#define RATIO_MAX	(0x7fffffff>>RATIO_SCALE_LOG)

/*
 * clear the dictionary
 */
static void
bsd_clear(struct bsd_db *db)
{
    db->clear_count++;
    db->max_ent = FIRST-1;
    db->n_bits = BSD_INIT_BITS;
    db->ratio = 0;
    db->bytes_out = 0;
    db->in_count = 0;
    db->checkpoint = CHECK_GAP;
}

/*
 * If the dictionary is full, then see if it is time to reset it.
 *
 * Compute the compression ratio using fixed-point arithmetic
 * with 8 fractional bits.
 *
 * Since we have an infinite stream instead of a single file,
 * watch only the local compression ratio.
 *
 * Since both peers must reset the dictionary at the same time even in
 * the absence of CLEAR codes (while packets are incompressible), they
 * must compute the same ratio.
 */
static int				/* 1=output CLEAR */
bsd_check(struct bsd_db *db)
{
    u_int new_ratio;

    if (db->in_count >= db->checkpoint) {
	/* age the ratio by limiting the size of the counts */
	if (db->in_count >= RATIO_MAX
	    || db->bytes_out >= RATIO_MAX) {
	    db->in_count -= db->in_count/4;
	    db->bytes_out -= db->bytes_out/4;
	}

	db->checkpoint = db->in_count + CHECK_GAP;

	if (db->max_ent >= db->maxmaxcode) {
	    /* Reset the dictionary only if the ratio is worse,
	     * or if it looks as if it has been poisoned
	     * by incompressible data.
	     *
	     * This does not overflow, because
	     *	db->in_count <= RATIO_MAX.
	     */
	    new_ratio = db->in_count << RATIO_SCALE_LOG;
	    if (db->bytes_out != 0)
		new_ratio /= db->bytes_out;

	    if (new_ratio < db->ratio || new_ratio < 1 * RATIO_SCALE) {
		bsd_clear(db);
		return 1;
	    }
	    db->ratio = new_ratio;
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Return statistics.
 */
static void
bsd_comp_stats(void *state, struct compstat *stats)
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int out;

    stats->unc_bytes = db->uncomp_bytes;
    stats->unc_packets = db->uncomp_count;
    stats->comp_bytes = db->comp_bytes;
    stats->comp_packets = db->comp_count;
    stats->inc_bytes = db->incomp_bytes;
    stats->inc_packets = db->incomp_count;
    stats->ratio = db->in_count;
    out = db->bytes_out;
    if (stats->ratio <= 0x7fffff)
	stats->ratio <<= 8;
    else
	out >>= 8;
    if (out != 0)
	stats->ratio /= out;
}

/*
 * Reset state, as on a CCP ResetReq.
 */
static void
bsd_reset(void *state)
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;

    db->seqno = 0;
    bsd_clear(db);
    db->clear_count = 0;
}

/*
 * Allocate space for a (de) compressor.
 */
static void *
bsd_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len, int decomp)
{
    int bits;
    u_int newlen, hsize, hshift, maxmaxcode;
    struct bsd_db *db;

    if (opt_len != 3 || options[0] != CI_BSD_COMPRESS || options[1] != 3
	|| BSD_VERSION(options[2]) != BSD_CURRENT_VERSION)
	return NULL;

    bits = BSD_NBITS(options[2]);
    switch (bits) {
    case 9:			/* needs 82152 for both directions */
    case 10:			/* needs 84144 */
    case 11:			/* needs 88240 */
    case 12:			/* needs 96432 */
	hsize = 5003;
	hshift = 4;
	break;
    case 13:			/* needs 176784 */
	hsize = 9001;
	hshift = 5;
	break;
    case 14:			/* needs 353744 */
	hsize = 18013;
	hshift = 6;
	break;
    case 15:			/* needs 691440 */
	hsize = 35023;
	hshift = 7;
	break;
    case 16:			/* needs 1366160--far too much, */
	/* hsize = 69001; */	/* and 69001 is too big for cptr */
	/* hshift = 8; */	/* in struct bsd_db */
	/* break; */
    default:
	return NULL;
    }

    maxmaxcode = MAXCODE(bits);
    newlen = sizeof(*db) + (hsize-1) * (sizeof(db->dict[0]));
    db = (struct bsd_db *) malloc(newlen);
    if (!db)
	return NULL;
    memset(db, 0, sizeof(*db) - sizeof(db->dict));

    if (!decomp) {
	db->lens = NULL;
    } else {
	db->lens = (u_short *) malloc((maxmaxcode+1) * sizeof(db->lens[0]));
	if (!db->lens) {
	    free(db);
	    return NULL;
	}
    }

    db->totlen = newlen;
    db->hsize = hsize;
    db->hshift = hshift;
    db->maxmaxcode = maxmaxcode;
    db->maxbits = bits;

    return (void *) db;
}

static void
bsd_free(void *state)
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;

    if (db->lens)
	free(db->lens);
    free(db);
}

static void *
bsd_decomp_alloc(u_char *options, int opt_len)
{
    return bsd_alloc(options, opt_len, 1);
}

/*
 * Initialize the database.
 */
static int
bsd_init(struct bsd_db *db, u_char *options, int opt_len, int unit,
	 int hdrlen, int mru, int debug, int decomp)
{
    int i;

    if (opt_len < CILEN_BSD_COMPRESS
	|| options[0] != CI_BSD_COMPRESS || options[1] != CILEN_BSD_COMPRESS
	|| BSD_VERSION(options[2]) != BSD_CURRENT_VERSION
	|| BSD_NBITS(options[2]) != db->maxbits
	|| (decomp && db->lens == NULL))
	return 0;

    if (decomp) {
	i = LAST+1;
	while (i != 0)
	    db->lens[--i] = 1;
    }
    i = db->hsize;
    while (i != 0) {
	db->dict[--i].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
	db->dict[i].cptr = 0;
    }

    db->unit = unit;
    db->hdrlen = hdrlen;
    db->mru = mru;
    if (debug)
	db->debug = 1;

    bsd_reset(db);

    return 1;
}

static int
bsd_decomp_init(void *state, u_char *options, int opt_len,
		int unit, int hdrlen, int mru, int debug)
{
    return bsd_init((struct bsd_db *) state, options, opt_len,
		    unit, hdrlen, mru, debug, 1);
}


/*
 * Update the "BSD Compress" dictionary on the receiver for
 * incompressible data by pretending to compress the incoming data.
 */
static void
bsd_incomp(void *state, u_char *dmsg, int mlen)
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int hshift = db->hshift;
    u_int max_ent = db->max_ent;
    u_int n_bits = db->n_bits;
    struct bsd_dict *dictp;
    u_int32_t fcode;
    u_char c;
    long hval, disp;
    int slen, ilen;
    u_int bitno = 7;
    u_char *rptr;
    u_int ent;

    rptr = dmsg;
    ent = rptr[0];		/* get the protocol */
    if (ent == 0) {
	++rptr;
	--mlen;
	ent = rptr[0];
    }
    if ((ent & 1) == 0 || ent < 0x21 || ent > 0xf9)
	return;

    db->seqno++;
    ilen = 1;		/* count the protocol as 1 byte */
    ++rptr;
    slen = dmsg + mlen - rptr;
    ilen += slen;
    for (; slen > 0; --slen) {
	c = *rptr++;
	fcode = BSD_KEY(ent, c);
	hval = BSD_HASH(ent, c, hshift);
	dictp = &db->dict[hval];

	/* validate and then check the entry */
	if (dictp->codem1 >= max_ent)
	    goto nomatch;
	if (dictp->f.fcode == fcode) {
	    ent = dictp->codem1+1;
	    continue;   /* found (prefix,suffix) */
	}

	/* continue probing until a match or invalid entry */
	disp = (hval == 0) ? 1 : hval;
	do {
	    hval += disp;
	    if (hval >= db->hsize)
		hval -= db->hsize;
	    dictp = &db->dict[hval];
	    if (dictp->codem1 >= max_ent)
		goto nomatch;
	} while (dictp->f.fcode != fcode);
	ent = dictp->codem1+1;
	continue;	/* finally found (prefix,suffix) */

    nomatch:		/* output (count) the prefix */
	bitno += n_bits;

	/* code -> hashtable */
	if (max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
	    struct bsd_dict *dictp2;
	    /* expand code size if needed */
	    if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits))
		db->n_bits = ++n_bits;

	    /* Invalidate previous hash table entry
	     * assigned this code, and then take it over.
	     */
	    dictp2 = &db->dict[max_ent+1];
	    if (db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 == max_ent)
		db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
	    dictp2->cptr = hval;
	    dictp->codem1 = max_ent;
	    dictp->f.fcode = fcode;

	    db->max_ent = ++max_ent;
	    db->lens[max_ent] = db->lens[ent]+1;
	}
	ent = c;
    }
    bitno += n_bits;		/* output (count) the last code */
    db->bytes_out += bitno/8;
    db->in_count += ilen;
    (void)bsd_check(db);

    ++db->incomp_count;
    db->incomp_bytes += ilen;
    ++db->uncomp_count;
    db->uncomp_bytes += ilen;

    /* Increase code size if we would have without the packet
     * boundary and as the decompressor will.
     */
    if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits) && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode)
	db->n_bits++;
}


/*
 * Decompress "BSD Compress"
 *
 * Because of patent problems, we return DECOMP_ERROR for errors
 * found by inspecting the input data and for system problems, but
 * DECOMP_FATALERROR for any errors which could possibly be said to
 * be being detected "after" decompression.  For DECOMP_ERROR,
 * we can issue a CCP reset-request; for DECOMP_FATALERROR, we may be
 * infringing a patent of Motorola's if we do, so we take CCP down
 * instead.
 *
 * Given that the frame has the correct sequence number and a good FCS,
 * errors such as invalid codes in the input most likely indicate a
 * bug, so we return DECOMP_FATALERROR for them in order to turn off
 * compression, even though they are detected by inspecting the input.
 */
static int
bsd_decompress(void *state, u_char *cmsg, int inlen, u_char *dmp, int *outlenp)
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int max_ent = db->max_ent;
    u_int32_t accm = 0;
    u_int bitno = 32;		/* 1st valid bit in accm */
    u_int n_bits = db->n_bits;
    u_int tgtbitno = 32-n_bits;	/* bitno when we have a code */
    struct bsd_dict *dictp;
    int explen, seq, len;
    u_int incode, oldcode, finchar;
    u_char *p, *rptr, *wptr;
    int ilen;
    int codelen, extra;

    rptr = cmsg;
    if (*rptr == 0)
	++rptr;
    ++rptr;			/* skip protocol (assumed 0xfd) */
    seq = (rptr[0] << 8) + rptr[1];
    rptr += BSD_OVHD;
    ilen = len = cmsg + inlen - rptr;

    /*
     * Check the sequence number and give up if it is not what we expect.
     */
    if (seq != db->seqno++) {
	if (db->debug)
	    printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad sequence # %d, expected %d\n",
		   db->unit, seq, db->seqno - 1);
	return DECOMP_ERROR;
    }

    wptr = dmp + db->hdrlen;

    oldcode = CLEAR;
    explen = 0;
    while (len > 0) {
	/*
	 * Accumulate bytes until we have a complete code.
	 * Then get the next code, relying on the 32-bit,
	 * unsigned accm to mask the result.
	 */
	bitno -= 8;
	accm |= *rptr++ << bitno;
	--len;
	if (tgtbitno < bitno)
	    continue;
	incode = accm >> tgtbitno;
	accm <<= n_bits;
	bitno += n_bits;

	if (incode == CLEAR) {
	    /*
	     * The dictionary must only be cleared at
	     * the end of a packet.  But there could be an
	     * empty message block at the end.
	     */
	    if (len > 0) {
		if (db->debug)
		    printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad CLEAR\n", db->unit);
		return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
	    }
	    bsd_clear(db);
	    explen = ilen = 0;
	    break;
	}

	if (incode > max_ent + 2 || incode > db->maxmaxcode
	    || (incode > max_ent && oldcode == CLEAR)) {
	    if (db->debug) {
		printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad code 0x%x oldcode=0x%x ",
		       db->unit, incode, oldcode);
		printf("max_ent=0x%x seqno=%d\n",
		       max_ent, db->seqno);
	    }
	    return DECOMP_FATALERROR;	/* probably a bug */
	}

	/* Special case for KwKwK string. */
	if (incode > max_ent) {
	    finchar = oldcode;
	    extra = 1;
	} else {
	    finchar = incode;
	    extra = 0;
	}

	codelen = db->lens[finchar];
	explen += codelen + extra;
	if (explen > db->mru + 1) {
	    if (db->debug)
		printf("bsd_decomp%d: ran out of mru\n", db->unit);
	    return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
	}

	/*
	 * Decode this code and install it in the decompressed buffer.
	 */
	p = (wptr += codelen);
	while (finchar > LAST) {
	    dictp = &db->dict[db->dict[finchar].cptr];
#ifdef DEBUG
	    --codelen;
	    if (codelen <= 0) {
		printf("bsd_decomp%d: fell off end of chain ", db->unit);
		printf("0x%x at 0x%x by 0x%x, max_ent=0x%x\n",
		       incode, finchar, db->dict[finchar].cptr, max_ent);
		return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
	    }
	    if (dictp->codem1 != finchar-1) {
		printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad code chain 0x%x finchar=0x%x ",
		       db->unit, incode, finchar);
		printf("oldcode=0x%x cptr=0x%x codem1=0x%x\n", oldcode,
		       db->dict[finchar].cptr, dictp->codem1);
		return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
	    }
#endif
	    *--p = dictp->f.hs.suffix;
	    finchar = dictp->f.hs.prefix;
	}
	*--p = finchar;

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (--codelen != 0)
	    printf("bsd_decomp%d: short by %d after code 0x%x, max_ent=0x%x\n",
		   db->unit, codelen, incode, max_ent);
#endif

	if (extra)		/* the KwKwK case again */
	    *wptr++ = finchar;

	/*
	 * If not first code in a packet, and
	 * if not out of code space, then allocate a new code.
	 *
	 * Keep the hash table correct so it can be used
	 * with uncompressed packets.
	 */
	if (oldcode != CLEAR && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
	    struct bsd_dict *dictp2;
	    u_int32_t fcode;
	    int hval, disp;

	    fcode = BSD_KEY(oldcode,finchar);
	    hval = BSD_HASH(oldcode,finchar,db->hshift);
	    dictp = &db->dict[hval];

	    /* look for a free hash table entry */
	    if (dictp->codem1 < max_ent) {
		disp = (hval == 0) ? 1 : hval;
		do {
		    hval += disp;
		    if (hval >= db->hsize)
			hval -= db->hsize;
		    dictp = &db->dict[hval];
		} while (dictp->codem1 < max_ent);
	    }

	    /*
	     * Invalidate previous hash table entry
	     * assigned this code, and then take it over
	     */
	    dictp2 = &db->dict[max_ent+1];
	    if (db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 == max_ent) {
		db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
	    }
	    dictp2->cptr = hval;
	    dictp->codem1 = max_ent;
	    dictp->f.fcode = fcode;

	    db->max_ent = ++max_ent;
	    db->lens[max_ent] = db->lens[oldcode]+1;

	    /* Expand code size if needed. */
	    if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits) && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
		db->n_bits = ++n_bits;
		tgtbitno = 32-n_bits;
	    }
	}
	oldcode = incode;
    }
    *outlenp = wptr - (dmp + db->hdrlen);

    /*
     * Keep the checkpoint right so that incompressible packets
     * clear the dictionary at the right times.
     */
    db->bytes_out += ilen;
    db->in_count += explen;
    if (bsd_check(db) && db->debug) {
	printf("bsd_decomp%d: peer should have cleared dictionary\n",
	       db->unit);
    }

    ++db->comp_count;
    db->comp_bytes += ilen + BSD_OVHD;
    ++db->uncomp_count;
    db->uncomp_bytes += explen;

    return DECOMP_OK;
}
#endif /* DO_BSD_COMPRESS */